Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics

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Documentation for package ‘ggplot2’ version 3.5.1

• DESCRIPTION file.
• User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
• Package NEWS.

Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I L M P Q R S T V X Y misc

-- A --

aes	Construct aesthetic mappings
aes_colour_fill_alpha	Colour related aesthetics: colour, fill, and alpha
aes_eval	Control aesthetic evaluation
aes_group_order	Aesthetics: grouping
aes_linetype_size_shape	Differentiation related aesthetics: linetype, size, shape
aes_position	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
after_scale	Control aesthetic evaluation
after_stat	Control aesthetic evaluation
alt_text	Extract alt text from a plot
annotate	Create an annotation layer
annotation_custom	Annotation: Custom grob
annotation_logticks	Annotation: log tick marks
annotation_map	Annotation: a map
annotation_raster	Annotation: high-performance rectangular tiling
autolayer	Create a ggplot layer appropriate to a particular data type
automatic_plotting	Tailoring plots to particular data types
autoplot	Create a complete ggplot appropriate to a particular data type

-- B --

borders

Create a layer of map borders

-- C --

color	Colour related aesthetics: colour, fill, and alpha
colour	Colour related aesthetics: colour, fill, and alpha
CoordSf	Visualise sf objects
coord_cartesian	Cartesian coordinates
coord_equal	Cartesian coordinates with fixed "aspect ratio"
coord_fixed	Cartesian coordinates with fixed "aspect ratio"
coord_flip	Cartesian coordinates with x and y flipped
coord_map	Map projections
coord_polar	Polar coordinates
coord_quickmap	Map projections
coord_radial	Polar coordinates
coord_sf	Visualise sf objects
coord_trans	Transformed Cartesian coordinate system
cut_interval	Discretise numeric data into categorical
cut_number	Discretise numeric data into categorical
cut_width	Discretise numeric data into categorical

-- D --

derive	Specify a secondary axis
diamonds	Prices of over 50,000 round cut diamonds
draw_key	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_abline	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_blank	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_boxplot	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_crossbar	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_dotplot	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_label	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_linerange	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_path	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_point	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_pointrange	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_polygon	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_rect	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_smooth	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_text	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_timeseries	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_vline	Key glyphs for legends
draw_key_vpath	Key glyphs for legends
dup_axis	Specify a secondary axis

-- E --

economics	US economic time series
economics_long	US economic time series
element_blank	Theme elements
element_line	Theme elements
element_rect	Theme elements
element_text	Theme elements
expand_limits	Expand the plot limits, using data
expand_scale	Generate expansion vector for scales
expansion	Generate expansion vector for scales

-- F --

facet_grid	Lay out panels in a grid
facet_wrap	Wrap a 1d ribbon of panels into 2d
faithfuld	2d density estimate of Old Faithful data
fill	Colour related aesthetics: colour, fill, and alpha
format.ggproto	Format or print a ggproto object
fortify	Fortify a model with data.

-- G --

GeomSf	Visualise sf objects
geom_abline	Reference lines: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal
geom_area	Ribbons and area plots
geom_bar	Bar charts
geom_bin2d	Heatmap of 2d bin counts
geom_bin_2d	Heatmap of 2d bin counts
geom_blank	Draw nothing
geom_boxplot	A box and whiskers plot (in the style of Tukey)
geom_col	Bar charts
geom_contour	2D contours of a 3D surface
geom_contour_filled	2D contours of a 3D surface
geom_count	Count overlapping points
geom_crossbar	Vertical intervals: lines, crossbars & errorbars
geom_curve	Line segments and curves
geom_density	Smoothed density estimates
geom_density2d	Contours of a 2D density estimate
geom_density2d_filled	Contours of a 2D density estimate
geom_density_2d	Contours of a 2D density estimate
geom_density_2d_filled	Contours of a 2D density estimate
geom_dotplot	Dot plot
geom_errorbar	Vertical intervals: lines, crossbars & errorbars
geom_errorbarh	Horizontal error bars
geom_freqpoly	Histograms and frequency polygons
geom_function	Draw a function as a continuous curve
geom_hex	Hexagonal heatmap of 2d bin counts
geom_histogram	Histograms and frequency polygons
geom_hline	Reference lines: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal
geom_jitter	Jittered points
geom_label	Text
geom_line	Connect observations
geom_linerange	Vertical intervals: lines, crossbars & errorbars
geom_map	Polygons from a reference map
geom_path	Connect observations
geom_point	Points
geom_pointrange	Vertical intervals: lines, crossbars & errorbars
geom_polygon	Polygons
geom_qq	A quantile-quantile plot
geom_qq_line	A quantile-quantile plot
geom_quantile	Quantile regression
geom_raster	Rectangles
geom_rect	Rectangles
geom_ribbon	Ribbons and area plots
geom_rug	Rug plots in the margins
geom_segment	Line segments and curves
geom_sf	Visualise sf objects
geom_sf_label	Visualise sf objects
geom_sf_text	Visualise sf objects
geom_smooth	Smoothed conditional means
geom_spoke	Line segments parameterised by location, direction and distance
geom_step	Connect observations
geom_text	Text
geom_tile	Rectangles
geom_violin	Violin plot
geom_vline	Reference lines: horizontal, vertical, and diagonal
get_alt_text	Extract alt text from a plot
ggplot	Create a new ggplot
ggproto	Create a new ggproto object
ggproto_parent	Create a new ggproto object
ggsave	Save a ggplot (or other grid object) with sensible defaults
ggsf	Visualise sf objects
ggtitle	Modify axis, legend, and plot labels
group	Aesthetics: grouping
guides	Set guides for each scale
guide_axis	Axis guide
guide_axis_logticks	Axis with logarithmic tick marks
guide_axis_stack	Stacked axis guides
guide_axis_theta	Angle axis guide
guide_bins	A binned version of guide_legend
guide_colorbar	Continuous colour bar guide
guide_colorsteps	Discretized colourbar guide
guide_colourbar	Continuous colour bar guide
guide_coloursteps	Discretized colourbar guide
guide_custom	Custom guides
guide_legend	Legend guide
guide_none	Empty guide

-- H --

hmisc

A selection of summary functions from Hmisc

-- I --

is.ggproto

Create a new ggproto object

-- L --

labeller	Construct labelling specification
labellers	Useful labeller functions
label_both	Useful labeller functions
label_bquote	Label with mathematical expressions
label_context	Useful labeller functions
label_parsed	Useful labeller functions
label_value	Useful labeller functions
label_wrap_gen	Useful labeller functions
labs	Modify axis, legend, and plot labels
layer_geoms	Layer geometry display
layer_positions	Layer position adjustments
layer_stats	Layer statistical transformations
lims	Set scale limits
linetype	Differentiation related aesthetics: linetype, size, shape
luv_colours	'colors()' in Luv space

-- M --

margin	Theme elements
mean_cl_boot	A selection of summary functions from Hmisc
mean_cl_normal	A selection of summary functions from Hmisc
mean_sdl	A selection of summary functions from Hmisc
mean_se	Calculate mean and standard error of the mean
median_hilow	A selection of summary functions from Hmisc
midwest	Midwest demographics
mpg	Fuel economy data from 1999 to 2008 for 38 popular models of cars
msleep	An updated and expanded version of the mammals sleep dataset

-- P --

plot.ggplot	Explicitly draw plot
position_dodge	Dodge overlapping objects side-to-side
position_dodge2	Dodge overlapping objects side-to-side
position_fill	Stack overlapping objects on top of each another
position_identity	Don't adjust position
position_jitter	Jitter points to avoid overplotting
position_jitterdodge	Simultaneously dodge and jitter
position_nudge	Nudge points a fixed distance
position_stack	Stack overlapping objects on top of each another
presidential	Terms of 12 presidents from Eisenhower to Trump
print.ggplot	Explicitly draw plot
print.ggproto	Format or print a ggproto object

-- Q --

qplot	Quick plot
quickplot	Quick plot

-- R --

rel	Theme elements
resolution	Compute the "resolution" of a numeric vector

-- S --

scale_alpha	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_binned	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_continuous	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_date	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_datetime	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_discrete	Alpha transparency scales
scale_alpha_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_alpha_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_alpha_ordinal	Alpha transparency scales
scale_color_binned	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_color_brewer	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_color_continuous	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_color_date	Gradient colour scales
scale_color_datetime	Gradient colour scales
scale_color_discrete	Discrete colour scales
scale_color_distiller	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_color_fermenter	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_color_gradient	Gradient colour scales
scale_color_gradient2	Gradient colour scales
scale_color_gradientn	Gradient colour scales
scale_color_grey	Sequential grey colour scales
scale_color_hue	Evenly spaced colours for discrete data
scale_color_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_color_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_color_ordinal	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_color_steps	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_color_steps2	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_color_stepsn	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_color_viridis_b	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_color_viridis_c	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_color_viridis_d	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_colour_binned	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_colour_brewer	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_colour_continuous	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_colour_date	Gradient colour scales
scale_colour_datetime	Gradient colour scales
scale_colour_discrete	Discrete colour scales
scale_colour_distiller	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_colour_fermenter	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_colour_gradient	Gradient colour scales
scale_colour_gradient2	Gradient colour scales
scale_colour_gradientn	Gradient colour scales
scale_colour_grey	Sequential grey colour scales
scale_colour_hue	Evenly spaced colours for discrete data
scale_colour_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_colour_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_colour_ordinal	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_colour_steps	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_colour_steps2	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_colour_stepsn	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_colour_viridis_b	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_colour_viridis_c	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_colour_viridis_d	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_continuous_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_discrete_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_discrete_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_fill_binned	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_fill_brewer	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_fill_continuous	Continuous and binned colour scales
scale_fill_date	Gradient colour scales
scale_fill_datetime	Gradient colour scales
scale_fill_discrete	Discrete colour scales
scale_fill_distiller	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_fill_fermenter	Sequential, diverging and qualitative colour scales from ColorBrewer
scale_fill_gradient	Gradient colour scales
scale_fill_gradient2	Gradient colour scales
scale_fill_gradientn	Gradient colour scales
scale_fill_grey	Sequential grey colour scales
scale_fill_hue	Evenly spaced colours for discrete data
scale_fill_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_fill_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_fill_ordinal	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_fill_steps	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_fill_steps2	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_fill_stepsn	Binned gradient colour scales
scale_fill_viridis_b	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_fill_viridis_c	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_fill_viridis_d	Viridis colour scales from viridisLite
scale_linetype	Scale for line patterns
scale_linetype_binned	Scale for line patterns
scale_linetype_continuous	Scale for line patterns
scale_linetype_discrete	Scale for line patterns
scale_linetype_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_linetype_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_linewidth	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_binned	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_continuous	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_date	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_datetime	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_discrete	Scales for line width
scale_linewidth_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_linewidth_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_linewidth_ordinal	Scales for line width
scale_radius	Scales for area or radius
scale_shape	Scales for shapes, aka glyphs
scale_shape_binned	Scales for shapes, aka glyphs
scale_shape_continuous	Scales for shapes, aka glyphs
scale_shape_discrete	Scales for shapes, aka glyphs
scale_shape_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_shape_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_shape_ordinal	Scales for shapes, aka glyphs
scale_size	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_area	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_binned	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_binned_area	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_continuous	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_date	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_datetime	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_discrete	Scales for area or radius
scale_size_identity	Use values without scaling
scale_size_manual	Create your own discrete scale
scale_size_ordinal	Scales for area or radius
scale_x_binned	Positional scales for binning continuous data (x & y)
scale_x_continuous	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_x_date	Position scales for date/time data
scale_x_datetime	Position scales for date/time data
scale_x_discrete	Position scales for discrete data
scale_x_log10	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_x_reverse	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_x_sqrt	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_x_time	Position scales for date/time data
scale_y_binned	Positional scales for binning continuous data (x & y)
scale_y_continuous	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_y_date	Position scales for date/time data
scale_y_datetime	Position scales for date/time data
scale_y_discrete	Position scales for discrete data
scale_y_log10	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_y_reverse	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_y_sqrt	Position scales for continuous data (x & y)
scale_y_time	Position scales for date/time data
seals	Vector field of seal movements
sec_axis	Specify a secondary axis
shape	Differentiation related aesthetics: linetype, size, shape
size	Differentiation related aesthetics: linetype, size, shape
stage	Control aesthetic evaluation
stat	Control aesthetic evaluation
StatSf	Visualise sf objects
StatSfCoordinates	Extract coordinates from 'sf' objects
stat_align	Ribbons and area plots
stat_bin	Histograms and frequency polygons
stat_bin2d	Heatmap of 2d bin counts
stat_binhex	Hexagonal heatmap of 2d bin counts
stat_bin_2d	Heatmap of 2d bin counts
stat_bin_hex	Hexagonal heatmap of 2d bin counts
stat_boxplot	A box and whiskers plot (in the style of Tukey)
stat_contour	2D contours of a 3D surface
stat_contour_filled	2D contours of a 3D surface
stat_count	Bar charts
stat_density	Smoothed density estimates
stat_density2d	Contours of a 2D density estimate
stat_density2d_filled	Contours of a 2D density estimate
stat_density_2d	Contours of a 2D density estimate
stat_density_2d_filled	Contours of a 2D density estimate
stat_ecdf	Compute empirical cumulative distribution
stat_ellipse	Compute normal data ellipses
stat_function	Draw a function as a continuous curve
stat_identity	Leave data as is
stat_qq	A quantile-quantile plot
stat_qq_line	A quantile-quantile plot
stat_quantile	Quantile regression
stat_sf	Visualise sf objects
stat_sf_coordinates	Extract coordinates from 'sf' objects
stat_smooth	Smoothed conditional means
stat_spoke	Line segments parameterised by location, direction and distance
stat_sum	Count overlapping points
stat_summary	Summarise y values at unique/binned x
stat_summary2d	Bin and summarise in 2d (rectangle & hexagons)
stat_summary_2d	Bin and summarise in 2d (rectangle & hexagons)
stat_summary_bin	Summarise y values at unique/binned x
stat_summary_hex	Bin and summarise in 2d (rectangle & hexagons)
stat_unique	Remove duplicates
stat_ydensity	Violin plot

-- T --

theme	Modify components of a theme
theme_bw	Complete themes
theme_classic	Complete themes
theme_dark	Complete themes
theme_get	Get, set, and modify the active theme
theme_gray	Complete themes
theme_grey	Complete themes
theme_light	Complete themes
theme_linedraw	Complete themes
theme_minimal	Complete themes
theme_replace	Get, set, and modify the active theme
theme_set	Get, set, and modify the active theme
theme_test	Complete themes
theme_update	Get, set, and modify the active theme
theme_void	Complete themes
txhousing	Housing sales in TX

-- V --

vars	Quote faceting variables

-- X --

x	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
xend	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
xlab	Modify axis, legend, and plot labels
xlim	Set scale limits
xmax	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
xmin	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend

-- Y --

y	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
yend	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
ylab	Modify axis, legend, and plot labels
ylim	Set scale limits
ymax	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend
ymin	Position related aesthetics: x, y, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, xend, yend

-- misc --

%+%	Add components to a plot
%+replace%	Get, set, and modify the active theme
+.gg	Add components to a plot