estimate_template {templateICAr}

Estimate template

Description

Estimate template for Template ICA based on fMRI data

Usage

estimate_template(
  BOLD,
  BOLD2 = NULL,
  GICA,
  inds = NULL,
  scale = c("global", "local", "none"),
  scale_sm_surfL = NULL,
  scale_sm_surfR = NULL,
  scale_sm_FWHM = 2,
  detrend_DCT = 0,
  center_Bcols = FALSE,
  normA = FALSE,
  Q2 = 0,
  Q2_max = NULL,
  brainstructures = c("left", "right"),
  mask = NULL,
  keep_DR = FALSE,
  FC = FALSE,
  varTol = 1e-06,
  maskTol = 0.1,
  missingTol = 0.1,
  usePar = FALSE,
  wb_path = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

estimate_template.cifti(
  BOLD,
  BOLD2 = NULL,
  GICA,
  inds = NULL,
  scale = c("global", "local", "none"),
  scale_sm_surfL = NULL,
  scale_sm_surfR = NULL,
  scale_sm_FWHM = 2,
  detrend_DCT = 0,
  center_Bcols = FALSE,
  normA = FALSE,
  Q2 = 0,
  Q2_max = NULL,
  brainstructures = c("left", "right"),
  keep_DR = FALSE,
  FC = FALSE,
  varTol = 1e-06,
  maskTol = 0.1,
  missingTol = 0.1,
  usePar = FALSE,
  wb_path = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

estimate_template.gifti(
  BOLD,
  BOLD2 = NULL,
  GICA,
  inds = NULL,
  scale = c("global", "local", "none"),
  scale_sm_surfL = NULL,
  scale_sm_surfR = NULL,
  scale_sm_FWHM = 2,
  detrend_DCT = 0,
  center_Bcols = FALSE,
  normA = FALSE,
  Q2 = 0,
  Q2_max = NULL,
  brainstructures = c("left", "right"),
  keep_DR = FALSE,
  FC = FALSE,
  varTol = 1e-06,
  maskTol = 0.1,
  missingTol = 0.1,
  usePar = FALSE,
  wb_path = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

estimate_template.nifti(
  BOLD,
  BOLD2 = NULL,
  GICA,
  inds = NULL,
  scale = c("global", "local", "none"),
  detrend_DCT = 0,
  center_Bcols = FALSE,
  normA = FALSE,
  Q2 = 0,
  Q2_max = NULL,
  mask = NULL,
  keep_DR = FALSE,
  FC = FALSE,
  varTol = 1e-06,
  maskTol = 0.1,
  missingTol = 0.1,
  usePar = FALSE,
  wb_path = NULL,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

BOLD, BOLD2

Vector of subject-level fMRI data in one of the following formats: CIFTI file paths, "xifti" objects, GIFTI file paths, "gifti" objects, NIFTI file paths, "nifti" objects, or V \times T numeric matrices, where V is the number of data locations and T is the number of timepoints.

If BOLD2 is provided it must be in the same format as BOLD; BOLD will be the test data and BOLD2 will be the retest data. BOLD2 should be the same length as BOLD and have the same subjects in the same order. If BOLD2 is not provided, BOLD will be split in half; the first half will be the test data and the second half will be the retest data.

GICA

Group ICA maps in a format compatible with BOLD. Can also be a (vectorized) numeric matrix (V \times Q) no matter the format of BOLD. Its columns will be centered.

inds

Numeric indices of the group ICs to include in the template. If NULL, use all group ICs (default).

If inds is provided, the ICs not included will be removed after calculating dual regression, not before. This is because removing the ICs prior to dual regression would leave unmodelled signals in the data, which could bias the templates.

scale

"global" (default), "local", or "none". Global scaling will divide the entire data matrix by the mean image standard deviation (mean(sqrt(rowVars(BOLD)))). Local scaling will divide each data location's time series by its estimated standard deviation.

scale_sm_surfL, scale_sm_surfR, scale_sm_FWHM

Only applies if scale=="local" and BOLD represents surface data (CIFTI or GIFTI). To smooth the standard deviation estimates used for local scaling, provide the surface geometries along which to smooth as GIFTI geometry files or "surf" objects, as well as the smoothing FWHM (default: 2).

If scale_sm_FWHM==0, no smoothing of the local standard deviation estimates will be performed.

If scale_sm_FWHM>0 but scale_sm_surfL and scale_sm_surfR are not provided, the default inflated surfaces from the HCP will be used.

To create a "surf" object from data, see make_surf. The surfaces must be in the same resolution as the BOLD data.

detrend_DCT

Detrend the data? This is an integer number of DCT bases to use for detrending. If 0 (default), do not detrend.

center_Bcols

Center BOLD across columns (each image)? This is equivalent to performing global signal regression. Default: FALSE.

normA

Scale each IC timeseries (column of A) in the dual regression estimates? Default: FALSE (not recommended). Note that the product A \times S remains the same with either option.

Q2, Q2_max

Obtain dual regression estimates after denoising? Denoising is based on modeling and removing nuisance ICs. It may result in a cleaner estimate for smaller datasets, but it may be unnecessary (and time-consuming) for larger datasets.

Set Q2 to control denoising: use a positive integer to specify the number of nuisance ICs, NULL to have the number of nuisance ICs estimated by PESEL, or zero (default) to skip denoising.

If is.null(Q2), use Q2_max to specify the maximum number of nuisance ICs that should be estimated by PESEL. Q2_max must be less than T * .75 - Q where T is the minimum number of timepoints in each fMRI scan and Q is the number of group ICs. If NULL (default), Q2_max will be set to T * .50 - Q, rounded.

brainstructures

Only applies if the entries of BOLD are CIFTI file paths. This is a character vector indicating which brain structure(s) to obtain: "left" (left cortical surface), "right" (right cortical surface) and/or "subcortical" (subcortical and cerebellar gray matter). Can also be "all" (obtain all three brain structures). Default: c("left","right") (cortical surface only).

mask

Required if and only if the entries of BOLD are NIFTI file paths or "nifti" objects. This is a brain map formatted as a binary array of the same spatial dimensions as the fMRI data, with TRUE corresponding to in-mask voxels.

keep_DR

Keep the DR estimates? If FALSE (default), do not save the DR estimates and only return the templates. If TRUE, the DR estimates are returned too. If a single file path, save the DR estimates as an RDS file at that location rather than returning them.

FC

Include the functional connectivity template? Default: FALSE (not fully supported yet.)

varTol

Tolerance for variance of each data location. For each scan, locations which do not meet this threshold are masked out of the analysis. Default: 1e-6. Variance is calculated on the original data, before any normalization.

maskTol

For computing the dual regression results for each subject: tolerance for number of locations masked out due to low variance or missing values. If more than this many locations are masked out, a subject is skipped without calculating dual regression. maskTol can be specified either as a proportion of the number of locations (between zero and one), or as a number of locations (integers greater than one). Default: .1, i.e. up to 10 percent of locations can be masked out.

If BOLD2 is provided, masks are calculated for both scans and then the intersection of the masks is used, for each subject.

missingTol

For computing the variance decomposition across all subjects: tolerance for number of subjects masked out due to low variance or missing values at a given location. If more than this many subjects are masked out, the location's value will be NA in the templates. missingTol can be specified either as a proportion of the number of locations (between zero and one), or as a number of locations (integers greater than one). Default: .1, i.e. up to 10 percent of subjects can be masked out at a given location.

usePar, wb_path

Parallelize the DR computations over subjects? Default: FALSE. Can be the number of cores to use or TRUE, which will use the number on the PC minus two. If the input data is in CIFTI format, the wb_path must also be provided.

verbose

Display progress updates? Default: TRUE.

Details

All fMRI data (entries in BOLD and BOLD2, and GICA) must be in the same spatial resolution.

Value

A list: the template and var_decomp with entries in matrix format; the mask of locations without template values due to too many low variance or missing values; the function params such as the type of scaling and detrending performed; the dat_struct which can be used to convert template and var_decomp to "xifti" or "nifti" objects if the BOLD format was CIFTI or NIFTI data; and DR if isTRUE(keep_DR).

Use summary to print a description of the template results, and for CIFTI-format data use plot to plot the template mean and variance estimates. Use export_template to save the templates to individual RDS, CIFTI, or NIFTI files (depending on the BOLD format).

Examples

nT <- 30
nV <- 400
nQ <- 7
mU <- matrix(rnorm(nV*nQ), nrow=nV)
mS <- mU %*% diag(seq(nQ, 1)) %*% matrix(rnorm(nQ*nT), nrow=nQ)
BOLD <- list(B1=mS, B2=mS, B3=mS)
BOLD <- lapply(BOLD, function(x){x + rnorm(nV*nT, sd=.05)})
GICA <- mU
estimate_template(BOLD=BOLD, GICA=mU)

## Not run: 
 estimate_template(
   run1_cifti_fnames, run2_cifti_fnames,
   gICA_cifti_fname, brainstructures="all",
   scale="local", detrend_DCT=7, Q2=NULL, varTol=10
 )

## End(Not run)