clarkevans {spatstat.explore} | R Documentation |
Clark and Evans Aggregation Index
Description
Computes the Clark and Evans aggregation index
R
for a spatial point pattern.
Usage
clarkevans(X, correction=c("none", "Donnelly", "cdf"),
clipregion=NULL)
Arguments
X |
A spatial point pattern (object of class |
correction |
Character vector. The type of edge correction(s) to be applied. |
clipregion |
Clipping region for the guard area correction.
A window (object of class |
Details
The Clark and Evans (1954) aggregation index R
is a crude
measure of clustering or ordering of a point pattern.
It is the ratio of the observed mean nearest neighbour distance
in the pattern to that expected for a Poisson point process
of the same intensity.
A value R>1
suggests ordering, while R<1
suggests
clustering.
Without correction for edge effects, the value of R
will be
positively biased. Edge effects arise because, for a point of X
close to the edge of the window, the true nearest neighbour may
actually lie outside the window. Hence observed nearest neighbour
distances tend to be larger than the true nearest neighbour distances.
The argument correction
specifies an edge correction
or several edge corrections to be applied. It is a character vector
containing one or more of the options
"none"
, "Donnelly"
, "guard"
and "cdf"
(which are recognised by partial matching).
These edge corrections are:
- "none":
-
No edge correction is applied.
- "Donnelly":
-
Edge correction of Donnelly (1978), available for rectangular windows only. The theoretical expected value of mean nearest neighbour distance under a Poisson process is adjusted for edge effects by the edge correction of Donnelly (1978). The value of
R
is the ratio of the observed mean nearest neighbour distance to this adjusted theoretical mean. - "guard":
-
Guard region or buffer area method. The observed mean nearest neighbour distance for the point pattern
X
is re-defined by averaging only over those points ofX
that fall inside the sub-windowclipregion
. - "cdf":
-
Cumulative Distribution Function method. The nearest neighbour distance distribution function
G(r)
of the stationary point process is estimated byGest
using the Kaplan-Meier type edge correction. Then the mean of the distribution is calculated from the cdf.
Alternatively correction="all"
selects all options.
If the argument clipregion
is given, then the selected
edge corrections will be assumed to include correction="guard"
.
To perform a test based on the Clark-Evans index,
see clarkevans.test
.
Value
A numeric value, or a numeric vector with named components
naive |
|
Donnelly |
|
guard |
|
cdf |
|
(as selected by correction
). The value of the Donnelly
component will be NA
if the window of X
is not a rectangle.
Author(s)
John Rudge rudge@esc.cam.ac.uk with modifications by Adrian Baddeley Adrian.Baddeley@curtin.edu.au
References
Clark, P.J. and Evans, F.C. (1954) Distance to nearest neighbour as a measure of spatial relationships in populations Ecology 35, 445–453.
Donnelly, K. (1978) Simulations to determine the variance and edge-effect of total nearest neighbour distance. In I. Hodder (ed.) Simulation studies in archaeology, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, pp 91–95.
See Also
clarkevans.test
,
hopskel
,
nndist
,
Gest
Examples
# Example of a clustered pattern
clarkevans(redwood)
# Example of an ordered pattern
clarkevans(cells)
# Random pattern
X <- rpoispp(100)
clarkevans(X)
# How to specify a clipping region
clip1 <- owin(c(0.1,0.9),c(0.1,0.9))
clip2 <- erosion(Window(cells), 0.1)
clarkevans(cells, clipregion=clip1)
clarkevans(cells, clipregion=clip2)