Classes and Methods for Spatial Data

---

Documentation for package ‘sp’ version 2.1-4

• DESCRIPTION file.
• User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
• Code demos. Use demo() to run them.
• Package NEWS.

Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I L M O P R S T W Z misc

-- A --

addAttrToGeom	constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
addAttrToGeom-method	constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
addAttrToGeom-methods	constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
aggregate	aggregation of spatial objects
aggregate.Spatial	aggregation of spatial objects
areaSpatialGrid	define spatial grid
as.array.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
as.character.DMS	Convert character vector to DMS-class object
as.data.frame.SpatialGrid	Class "SpatialGrid"
as.data.frame.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialMultiPoints	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
as.data.frame.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPixels	Class "SpatialPixels"
as.data.frame.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPoints	Class "SpatialPoints"
as.data.frame.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPolygons	Class "SpatialPolygons"
as.data.frame.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
as.double.DMS	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
as.image.SpatialGridDataFrame	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
as.numeric.DMS	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
as.SpatialLines.SLDF	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
as.SpatialPoints.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
as.SpatialPolygons.GridTopology	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
as.SpatialPolygons.PolygonsList	Making SpatialPolygons objects
as.SpatialPolygons.SpatialPixels	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
as.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.SpatialPolygons	Class "SpatialPolygons"

-- B --

bbexpand	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
bbox	retrieve bbox from spatial data
bbox-method	retrieve bbox from spatial data
bpy.colors	blue-pink-yellow color scheme, which also prints well on black/white printers
bubble	Create a bubble plot of spatial data

-- C --

cbind.Spatial	Class "Spatial"
cbind.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
char2dms	Convert character vector to DMS-class object
coerce-method	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
coerce-method	Class "GridTopology"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
coerce-method	a class for spatial lines
coerce-method	a class for spatial lines with attributes
coerce-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPixels"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPolygons"
coerce-method	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
coerce-method	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
coerce-method	Convert character vector to DMS-class object
compassRose	Display a compass rose.
contour.SpatialGridDataFrame	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
contour.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
coordinates	set spatial coordinates to create a Spatial object, or retrieve spatial coordinates from a Spatial object
coordinates-method	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
coordinates-method	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
coordinates-method	retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinates-methods	retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinates<-	set spatial coordinates to create a Spatial object, or retrieve spatial coordinates from a Spatial object
coordinates<--method	Class "Spatial"
coordinates<--method	retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinatevalues	define spatial grid
coordnames	retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
coordnames-method	retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames-methods	retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames<-	retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames<--method	retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
CRS	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
CRS-class	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments

-- D --

dd2dms	Convert character vector to DMS-class object
degAxis	axis with degrees
degreeLabelsEW	Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
degreeLabelsNS	Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
dim.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
dim.SpatialLinesDataFrame	a class for spatial lines with attributes
dim.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
dimensions	retrieve spatial dimensions from spatial data
dimensions-method	retrieve spatial dimensions from spatial data
disaggregate	disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
disaggregate-method	disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
disaggregate-methods	disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
DMS-class	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values

-- E --

elide	Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'
elide-method	Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'
elide-methods	Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'

-- F --

flipHorizontal	rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
flipVertical	rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
fullgrid	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid-method	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid<-	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid<--method	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are

-- G --

geometry	Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry-method	Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry-methods	Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry<-	Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry<--method	Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
getGridIndex	define spatial grid
getGridTopology	define spatial grid
getLinesIDSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getLinesLinesSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getParUsrBB	Class "Spatial"
getPolygonAreaSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonCoordsSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonHoleSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonLabptSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsIDSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsLabptSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsplotOrderSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsPolygonsSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getSLLinesIDSlots	Deprecated functions in sp
getSLlinesSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpatialLinesMidPoints	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
getSpatialPolygonsLabelPoints	create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
getSpPnHoles	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPnParts	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPplotOrderSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPPolygonsIDSlots	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPPolygonsLabptSlots	Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPpolygonsSlot	Deprecated functions in sp
get_col_regions	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
get_evolution_status	Deprecated functions in sp
get_ll_TOL	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
get_ll_warn	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
get_Polypath	Class "SpatialPolygons"
get_PolypathRule	Class "SpatialPolygons"
get_ReplCRS_warn	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
gridat	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
gridded	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded-method	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded-methods	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded<-	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded<--method	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridIndex2nb	create neighbourhood (nb) object from grid geometry
gridlines	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
gridparameters	specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
GridsDatums	Grids and Datums PE&RS listing
GridTopology	define spatial grid
GridTopology-class	Class "GridTopology"
gt	Rlogo jpeg image

-- H --

head.Spatial	Class "Spatial"
HexPoints2SpatialPolygons	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object

-- I --

identicalCRS	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
IDvaluesGridTopology	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
IDvaluesSpatialPixels	Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
im-class	Class "Spatial"
image.SpatialGridDataFrame	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image.SpatialPixels	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image2Grid	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
imageScale	Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
is.projected	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
is.projected-method	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
is.projected-method	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData

-- L --

labels	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
labels.SpatialLines	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
layout.north.arrow	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
layout.scale.bar	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
Line	create objects of class Line or Lines
Line-class	Class "Line"
LineLength	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
Lines	create objects of class Line or Lines
Lines-class	Class "Lines"
LinesLength	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
loadMeuse	deprecated function to load the Meuse data set
longlat.scales	panel and panel utility functions for spplot

-- M --

makegrid	sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
mapasp	Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
mapLegendGrob	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
merge	Merge a Spatial* object having attributes with a data.frame
merge-method	Merge a Spatial* object having attributes with a data.frame
meuse	Meuse river data set
meuse.area	River Meuse outline
meuse.grid	Prediction Grid for Meuse Data Set
meuse.grid_ll	Prediction Grid for Meuse Data Set, geographical coordinates
meuse.riv	River Meuse outline

-- O --

over	consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
over-method	consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
over-methods	consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
overDF_for_rgeos	consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
owin-class	Class "Spatial"

-- P --

panel.ggmap	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
panel.gridplot	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.pointsplot	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.polygonsplot	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.RgoogleMaps	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
panel.spplot	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
plot-method	Class "Spatial"
plot-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
plot-method	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
plot-method	a class for spatial lines
plot-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
plot-method	Class "SpatialPixels"
plot-method	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
plot-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
plot-method	Class "SpatialPolygons"
plot.SpatialGrid	define spatial grid
plot.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
plot.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
point.in.polygon	do point(s) fall in a given polygon?
points-method	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
points-method	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
points2grid	define spatial grid
Polygon	create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
Polygon-class	Class "Polygon"
Polygons	create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
polygons	sets spatial coordinates to create spatial data, or retrieves spatial coordinates
Polygons-class	Class "Polygons"
polygons-method	Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
polygons-methods	Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
polygons<-	sets spatial coordinates to create spatial data, or retrieves spatial coordinates
polygons<--method	Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
ppp-class	Class "Spatial"
print.CRS	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
print.DMS	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
print.SpatialMultiPoints	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
print.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
print.SpatialPoints	Class "SpatialPoints"
print.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
print.summary.GridTopology	Class "GridTopology"
print.summary.Spatial	Class "Spatial"
print.summary.SpatialGrid	Class "SpatialGrid"
print.summary.SpatialGridDataFrame	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
print.summary.SpatialPixels	Class "SpatialPixels"
print.summary.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
proj4string	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string-method	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string<-	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string<--method	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
psp-class	Class "Spatial"

-- R --

rbind.SpatialLines	a class for spatial lines
rbind.SpatialLinesDataFrame	a class for spatial lines with attributes
rbind.SpatialMultiPoints	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
rbind.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPixels	Class "SpatialPixels"
rbind.SpatialPixelsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPoints	Class "SpatialPoints"
rbind.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPolygons	Class "SpatialPolygons"
rbind.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
read.asciigrid	read/write to/from (ESRI) asciigrid format
rebuild_CRS	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
rebuild_CRS-method	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
rebuild_CRS-method	Class "Spatial"
recenter	Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
recenter-method	Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
recenter-methods	Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
remove.duplicates	find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates
Rlogo	Rlogo jpeg image
row.names.SpatialLines	a class for spatial lines
row.names.SpatialLinesDataFrame	a class for spatial lines with attributes
row.names.SpatialMultiPoints	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
row.names.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
row.names.SpatialPoints	Class "SpatialPoints"
row.names.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
row.names.SpatialPolygons	Class "SpatialPolygons"
row.names.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"

-- S --

select.spatial	select points spatially
setParUsrBB	Class "Spatial"
set_col_regions	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
set_evolution_status	Deprecated functions in sp
set_ll_TOL	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
set_ll_warn	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
set_Polypath	Class "SpatialPolygons"
set_PolypathRule	Class "SpatialPolygons"
set_ReplCRS_warn	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
show-method	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
show-method	Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
show-method	Class "GridTopology"
show-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
show-method	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
show-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
show-method	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
show-method	Class "SpatialPixels"
show-method	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
show-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
show-method	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
ShowSpatialPointsDataFrame	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
sp	A package providing classes and methods for spatial data: points, lines, polygons and grids
sp.grid	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.lines	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.panel.layout	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.points	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.polygons	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.text	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.theme	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sp2Mondrian	write map data for Mondrian
Spatial	Class "Spatial"
Spatial-class	Class "Spatial"
SpatialGrid	define spatial grid
SpatialGrid-class	Class "SpatialGrid"
SpatialGridDataFrame	define spatial grid with attribute data
SpatialGridDataFrame-class	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
SpatialLines	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialLines-class	a class for spatial lines
SpatialLinesDataFrame	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialLinesDataFrame-class	a class for spatial lines with attributes
SpatialLinesLengths	create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialMultiPoints	create objects of class SpatialMultiPoints or SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame
SpatialMultiPoints-class	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame	create objects of class SpatialMultiPoints or SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame
SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame-class	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
SpatialPixels	define spatial grid
SpatialPixels-class	Class "SpatialPixels"
SpatialPixelsDataFrame	define spatial grid with attribute data
SpatialPixelsDataFrame-class	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
SpatialPoints	create objects of class SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame
SpatialPoints-class	Class "SpatialPoints"
SpatialPointsDataFrame	create objects of class SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame
SpatialPointsDataFrame-class	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
SpatialPolygons	create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
SpatialPolygons-class	Class "SpatialPolygons"
SpatialPolygonsDataFrame	create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
SpatialPolygonsDataFrame-class	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
SpatialPolygonsRescale	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
spChFIDs	change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs-method	change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs-methods	change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs<-	change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs<--method	change feature IDs in spatial objects
spDists	Euclidean or Great Circle distance between points
spDistsN1	Euclidean or Great Circle distance between points
spmap.to.lev	rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
sppanel	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sppanel-method	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sppanel-methods	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot-method	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot-methods	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.grid	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.key	panel and panel utility functions for spplot
spplot.locator	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.points	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.polygons	Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spsample	sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spsample-method	sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spsample-methods	sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spTransform	spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
spTransform-method	spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
spTransform-methods	spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
stack.SpatialGridDataFrame	rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
stack.SpatialPointsDataFrame	rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
subset.Spatial	Class "Spatial"
summary-method	Class "GridTopology"
summary-method	Class "Spatial"
summary-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
summary-method	a class for spatial lines
summary-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
summary-method	Class "SpatialPixels"
summary-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
summary-method	Class "SpatialPolygons"
summary.SpatialMultiPoints	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
summary.SpatialPoints	Class "SpatialPoints"
surfaceArea	Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.
surfaceArea-method	Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.
surfaceArea.matrix	Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.

-- T --

tail.Spatial	Class "Spatial"
text	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
text.SpatialPointsDataFrame	Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region

-- W --

wkt	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
wkt-method	Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
wkt-method	Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
write.asciigrid	read/write to/from (ESRI) asciigrid format

-- Z --

zerodist	find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates
zerodist2	find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates

-- misc --

$-method	Class "Spatial"
$-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
$-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
$<--method	Class "Spatial"
$<--method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
$<--method	Class "SpatialPoints"
%over%	consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
[-method	Class "SpatialGrid"
[-method	Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
[-method	a class for spatial lines
[-method	a class for spatial lines with attributes
[-method	Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
[-method	Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
[-method	Class "SpatialPixels"
[-method	Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
[-method	Class "SpatialPoints"
[-method	Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
[-method	Class "SpatialPolygons"
[-method	Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
[<--method	Class "Spatial"
[[-method	Class "Spatial"
[[<--method	Class "Spatial"