neighbours {simecol} | R Documentation |
Count Number of Neighbours on a Rectangular Grid.
Description
This is the base function for the simulation of deterministic and stochastic cellular automata on rectangular grids.
Usage
neighbours(x, state = NULL, wdist = NULL, tol = 1e-4, bounds = 0)
neighbors(x, state = NULL, wdist = NULL, tol = 1e-4, bounds = 0)
Arguments
x |
Matrix. The cellular grid, in which each cell can have a specific state value, e.g. zero (dead cell) or one (living cell) or the age of an individual. |
state |
A value, whose existence is checked within the neighbourhood of each cell. |
wdist |
The neighbourhood weight matrix. It has to be a square matrix with an odd number of rows and columns). |
tol |
Tolerance value for the comparision of |
bounds |
A vector with either one or four values specifying the type of boundaries, where 0 means open boundaries and 1 torus-like boundaries. The values are specified in the order bottom, left, top, right. |
Details
The performance of the function depends on the size of the matrices and the
type of the boundaries, where open boundaries are faster than torus like
boundaries. Function eightneighbours
is even faster.
Value
A matrix with the same structure as x
with the weighted
sum of the neigbours with values between state - tol
and
state + tol
.
See Also
seedfill
, eightneighbours
, conway
Examples
## ==================================================================
## Demonstration of the neighborhood function alone
## ==================================================================
## weight matrix for neighbourhood determination
wdist <- matrix(c(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,
0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5,
0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5,
0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5,
0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5), nrow=5)
## state matrix
n <- 20; m <- 20
x <- matrix(rep(0, m * n), nrow = n)
## set state of some cells to 1
x[10, 10] <- 1
x[1, 5] <- 1
x[n, 15] <- 1
x[5, 2] <- 1
x[15, m] <- 1
#x[n, 1] <- 1 # corner
opar <- par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
## start population
image(x)
## open boundaries
image(matrix(neighbours(x, wdist = wdist, bounds = 0), nrow = n))
## torus (donut like)
image(matrix(neighbours(x, wdist = wdist, bounds = 1), nrow = n))
## cylinder (left and right boundaries connected)
image(matrix(neighbours(x, wdist = wdist, bounds = c(0, 1, 0, 1)), nrow = n))
par(opar) # reset graphics area
## ==================================================================
## The following example demonstrates a "plain implementation" of a
## stochastic cellular automaton i.e. without the simecol structure.
##
## A simecol implementation of this can be found in
## the example directory of this package (file: stoch_ca.R).
## ==================================================================
mycolors <- function(n) {
col <- c("wheat", "darkgreen")
if (n>2) col <- c(col, heat.colors(n - 2))
col
}
pj <- 0.99 # survival probability of juveniles
pa <- 0.99 # survival probability of adults
ps <- 0.1 # survival probability of senescent
ci <- 1.0 # "seeding constant"
adult <- 5 # age of adolescence
old <- 10 # age of senescence
## Define a start population
n <- 80
m <- 80
x <- rep(0, m*n)
## stochastic seed
## x[round(runif(20,1,m*n))] <- adult
dim(x)<- c(n, m)
## rectangangular seed in the middle
x[38:42, 38:42] <- 5
## plot the start population
image(x, col = mycolors(2))
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Simulation loop (hint: increase loop count)
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
for (i in 1:10){
## rule 1: reproduction
## 1.1 which cells are adult? (only adults can generate)
ad <- ifelse(x >= adult & x < old, x, 0)
## 1.2 how much (weighted) adult neighbours has each cell?
nb <- neighbours(ad, wdist = wdist)
## 1.3 a proportion of the seeds develops juveniles
## simplified version, you can also use probabilities
genprob <- nb * runif(nb) * ci
xgen <- ifelse(x == 0 & genprob >= 1, 1, 0)
## rule 2: growth and survival of juveniles
xsurvj <- ifelse(x >= 1 & x < adult & runif(x) <= pj, x+1, 0)
## rule 2: growth and survival of adults
xsurva <- ifelse(x >= adult & x < old & runif(x) <= pa, x+1, 0)
## rule 2: growth and survival of senescent
xsurvs <- ifelse(x >= old & runif(x) <= ps, x+1, 0)
## make resulting grid of complete population
x <- xgen + xsurvj + xsurva + xsurvs
## plot resulting grid
image(x, col = mycolors(max(x) + 1), add = TRUE)
if (max(x) == 0) stop("extinction", call. = FALSE)
}
## modifications: pa<-pj<-0.9
## additional statistics of population structure
## with table, hist, mean, sd, ...