smooth.construct.pi.smooth.spec {refund}

Parametric Interaction basis constructor

Description

The pi basis is appropriate for smooths of multiple variables. Its purpose is to parameterize the way in which the basis changes with one of those variables. For example, suppose the smooth is over three variables, x, y, and t, and we want to parameterize the effect of t. Then the pi basis will assume f(x,y,t) = \sum_k g_k(t)*f_k(x,y), where the g_k(t) functions are pre-specified and the f_k(x,y) functions are estimated using a bivariate basis. An example of a parametric interaction is a linear interaction, which would take the form f(x,y,t) = f_1(x,y) + t*f_2(x,y).

Usage

## S3 method for class 'pi.smooth.spec'
smooth.construct(object, data, knots)

Arguments

object

a smooth specification object, generated by, e.g., s(x, y, t, bs="pi", xt=list(g=list(g1, g2, g3))). For transformation functions g1, g2, and g3, see Details below.

data

a list containing the variables of the smooth (x, y, and t above), as well as any by variable.

knots

a list containing any knots supplied for basis setup - in same order and with same names as data. Can be NULL.

Details

All functions f_k() are defined using the same basis set. Accordingly, they are penalized using a single block-diagonal penalty matrix and one smoothing parameter. Future versions of this function may be able to relax this assumption.

object should be defined (using s()) with an xt argument. This argument is a list that could contain any of the following elements:

1. g: the functions g_k(t), specified as described below.

2. bs: the basis code used for the functions f_k(); defaults to thin-plate regression splines, which is mgcv's default. The same basis will be used for all k.

3. idx: an integer index indicating which variable from object$term is to be parameterized, i.e., the t variable; defaults to length(object$term)

4. mp: flag to indicate whether multiple penalties should be estimated, one for each f_k(). Defaults to TRUE. If FALSE, the penalties for each k are combined into a single block-diagonal penalty matrix (with one smoothing parameter).

5. ...: further xt options to be passed onto the basis for f_k().

xt$g can be entered in one of the following forms:

1. a list of functions of length k, where each function is of one argument (assumed to be t)

2. one of the following recognized character strings: "linear", indicating a linear interaction, i.e. f(x,t) = f_1(x)+t*f_2(x); "quadratic", indicating a quadratic interaction, i.e. f(x,t) = f_1(x)+t*f_2(x) + t^2*f_3(x); or "none", indicating no interaction with t, i.e. f(x,t)=f_1(x).

The only one of the above elements that is required is xt. If default values for bs, idx, and mp are desired, xt may also be entered as the g element itself; i.e. xt=g, where g is either the list of functions or an acceptable character string.

Additional arguments for the lower-dimensional basis over f_k may be entered using the corresponding arguments of s(), e.g. k, m, sp, etc. For example, s(x, t, bs="pi", k=15, xt=list(g="linear", bs="ps")) will define a linear interaction with t of a univariate p-spline basis of dimension 15 over x.

Value

An object of class "pi.smooth". See smooth.construct for the elements it will contain.

Author(s)

Fabian Scheipl and Jonathan Gellar