ParamSet {paradox}R Documentation

ParamSet

Description

An object representing the space of possible parametrizations of a function or another object. ParamSets are used on the side of objects being parameterized, where they function as a configuration space determining the set of possible configurations accepted by these objects. They can also be used to specify search spaces for optimization, indicating the set of legal configurations to try out. It is often convenient to generate search spaces from configuration spaces, which can be done using the ⁠$search_space()⁠ method in combination with to_tune() / TuneToken objects.

Individual dimensions of a ParamSet are specified by Domain objects, created as p_dbl(), p_lgl() etc. The field ⁠$values⁠ can be used to store an active configuration or to partially fix some parameters to constant values – the precise effect can be determined by the object being parameterized.

Constructing a ParamSet can be done using ParamSet$new() in combination with a named list of Domain objects. This route is recommended when the set of dimensions (i.e. the members of this named list) is dynamically created, such as when the number of parameters is variable. ParamSets can also be created using the ps() shorthand, which is the recommended way when the set of parameters is fixed. In practice, the majority of cases where a ParamSet is created, the ps() should be used.

S3 methods and type converters

Public fields

assert_values

(logical(1))
Should values be checked for validity during assigment to active binding ⁠$values⁠? Default is TRUE, only switch this off if you know what you are doing.

Active bindings

data

(data.table) data.table representation of the ParamSet.

values

(named list())
Currently set / fixed parameter values. Settable, and feasibility of values will be checked when you set them. You do not have to set values for all parameters, but only for a subset. When you set values, all previously set values will be unset / removed.

tags

(named list() of character())
Can be used to group and subset parameters. Named with parameter IDs.

params

(named list())
data.table representing the combined Domain objects used to construct the ParamSet. Used for internal purpuses. Its use by external code is deprecated.

domains

(named list of Domain) List of Domain objects that could be used to initialize this ParamSet.

extra_trafo

(⁠function(x, param_set)⁠)
Transformation function. Settable. User has to pass a ⁠function(x)⁠, of the form
(named list(), ParamSet) -> named list().
The function is responsible to transform a feasible configuration into another encoding, before potentially evaluating the configuration with the target algorithm. For the output, not many things have to hold. It needs to have unique names, and the target algorithm has to accept the configuration. For convenience, the self-paramset is also passed in, if you need some info from it (e.g. tags). Is NULL by default, and you can set it to NULL to switch the transformation off.

constraint

(⁠function(x)⁠)
Constraint function. Settable. This function must evaluate a named list() of values and determine whether it satisfies constraints, returning a scalar logical(1) value.

deps

(data.table::data.table())
Table has cols id (character(1)) and on (character(1)) and cond (Condition). Lists all (direct) dependency parents of a param, through parameter IDs. Internally created by a call to add_dep. Settable, if you want to remove dependencies or perform other changes.

length

(integer(1))
Number of contained parameters.

is_empty

(logical(1))
Is the ParamSet empty? Named with parameter IDs.

has_trafo

(logical(1))
Whether a trafo function is present, in parameters or in extra_trafo.

has_extra_trafo

(logical(1))
Whether extra_trafo is set.

has_deps

(logical(1))
Whether the parameter dependencies are present

has_constraint

(logical(1))
Whether parameter constraint is set.

all_numeric

(logical(1))
Is TRUE if all parameters are p_dbl() or p_int().

all_categorical

(logical(1))
Is TRUE if all parameters are p_fct() and p_lgl().

all_bounded

(logical(1))
Is TRUE if all parameters are bounded.

class

(named character())
Classes of contained parameters. Named with parameter IDs.

lower

(named double())
Lower bounds of numeric parameters (NA for non-numerics). Named with parameter IDs.

upper

(named double())
Upper bounds of numeric parameters (NA for non-numerics). Named with parameter IDs.

levels

(named list() of character)
Allowed levels of categorical parameters (NULL for non-categoricals). Named with parameter IDs.

storage_type

(character())
Data types of parameters when stored in tables. Named with parameter IDs.

special_vals

(named list() of list())
Special values for all parameters. Named with parameter IDs.

default

(named list())
Default values of all parameters. If no default exists, element is not present. Named with parameter IDs.

has_trafo_param

(logical())
Whether trafo is set for any parameter.

is_logscale

(logical())
Whether trafo was set to logscale during construction.
Note that this only refers to the logscale flag set during construction, e.g. p_dbl(logscale = TRUE). If the parameter was set to logscale manually, e.g. through p_dbl(trafo = exp), this is_logscale will be FALSE.

nlevels

(named integer())
Number of distinct levels of parameters. Inf for double parameters or unbounded integer parameters. Named with param IDs.

is_number

(named logical())
Whether parameter is p_dbl() or p_int(). Named with parameter IDs.

is_categ

(named logical())
Whether parameter is p_fct() or p_lgl(). Named with parameter IDs.

is_bounded

(named logical())
Whether parameters have finite bounds. Named with parameter IDs.

Methods

Public methods

Method new()

Creates a new instance of this R6 class.

Usage
ParamSet$new(params = named_list(), allow_dangling_dependencies = FALSE)
Arguments
params

(named list())
List of Domain, named with their respective ID.

allow_dangling_dependencies

(character(1))
Whether dependencies depending on parameters that are not present should be allowed. A parameter x having depends = y == 0 if y is not present would usually throw an error, but if dangling dependencies are allowed, the dependency is added regardless. This is mainly for internal use.

Method ids()

Retrieves IDs of contained parameters based on some filter criteria selections, NULL means no restriction. Only returns IDs of parameters that satisfy all conditions.

Usage
ParamSet$ids(class = NULL, tags = NULL, any_tags = NULL)
Arguments
class

(character())
Typically a subset of "ParamDbl", "ParamInt", "ParamFct", "ParamLgl", "ParamUty". Other classes are possible if implemented by 3rd party packages. Return only IDs of dimensions with the given class.

tags

(character()). Return only IDs of dimensions that have all tags given in this argument.

any_tags

(character()). Return only IDs of dimensions that have at least one of the tags given in this argument.

Returns

character().

Method get_values()

Retrieves parameter values based on some selections, NULL means no restriction and is equivalent to ⁠$values⁠. Only returns values of parameters that satisfy all conditions.

Usage
ParamSet$get_values(
  class = NULL,
  tags = NULL,
  any_tags = NULL,
  type = "with_token",
  check_required = TRUE,
  remove_dependencies = TRUE
)
Arguments
class

(character()). See ⁠$ids()⁠.

tags

(character()). See ⁠$ids()⁠.

any_tags

(character()). See ⁠$ids()⁠.

type

(character(1))
Return values "with_token" (i.e. all values),

check_required

(logical(1))
Check if all required parameters are set?

remove_dependencies

(logical(1))
If TRUE, set values with dependencies that are not fulfilled to NULL.

Returns

Named list().

Method set_values()

Allows to to modify (and overwrite) or replace the parameter values. Per default already set values are being kept unless new values are being provided.

Usage
ParamSet$set_values(..., .values = list(), .insert = TRUE)
Arguments
...

(any)
Named parameter values.

.values

(named list())
Named list with parameter values. Names must not already appear in ....

.insert

(logical(1))
Whether to insert the values (old values are being kept, if not overwritten), or to replace all values. Default is TRUE.

Method trafo()

Perform transformation specified by the trafo of Domain objects, as well as the ⁠$extra_trafo⁠ field.

Usage
ParamSet$trafo(x, param_set = self)
Arguments
x

(named list() | data.frame)
The value(s) to be transformed.

param_set

(ParamSet)
Passed to extra_trafo(). Note that the extra_trafo of self is used, not the extra_trafo of the ParamSet given in the param_set argument. In almost all cases, the default param_set = self should be used.

Method aggr_internal_tuned_values()

Aggregate parameter values according to their aggregation rules.

Usage
ParamSet$aggr_internal_tuned_values(x)
Arguments
x

(named list() of list()s)
The value(s) to be aggregated. Names are parameter values. The aggregation function is selected based on the parameter.

Returns

(named list())

Method disable_internal_tuning()

Set the parameter values so that internal tuning for the selected parameters is disabled.

Usage
ParamSet$disable_internal_tuning(ids)
Arguments
ids

(character())
The ids of the parameters for which to disable internal tuning.

Returns

Self

Method convert_internal_search_space()

Convert all parameters from the search space to parameter values using the transformation given by in_tune_fn.

Usage
ParamSet$convert_internal_search_space(search_space)
Arguments
search_space

(ParamSet)
The internal search space.

Returns

(named list())

Method test_constraint()

checkmate-like test-function. Takes a named list. Return FALSE if the given ⁠$constraint⁠ is not satisfied, TRUE otherwise. Note this is different from satisfying the bounds or types given by the ParamSet itself: If x does not satisfy these, an error will be thrown, given that assert_value is TRUE.

Usage
ParamSet$test_constraint(x, assert_value = TRUE)
Arguments
x

(named list())
The value to test.

assert_value

(logical(1))
Whether to verify that x satisfies the bounds and types given by this ParamSet. Should be TRUE unless this was already checked before.

Returns

logical(1): Whether x satisfies the ⁠$constraint⁠.

Method test_constraint_dt()

checkmate-like test-function. Takes a data.table. For each row, return FALSE if the given ⁠$constraint⁠ is not satisfied, TRUE otherwise. Note this is different from satisfying the bounds or types given by the ParamSet itself: If x does not satisfy these, an error will be thrown, given that assert_value is TRUE.

Usage
ParamSet$test_constraint_dt(x, assert_value = TRUE)
Arguments
x

(data.table)
The values to test.

assert_value

(logical(1))
Whether to verify that x satisfies the bounds and types given by this ParamSet. Should be TRUE unless this was already checked before.

Returns

logical: For each row in x, whether it satisfies the ⁠$constraint⁠.

Method check()

checkmate-like check-function. Takes a named list. A point x is feasible, if it configures a subset of params, all individual param constraints are satisfied and all dependencies are satisfied. Params for which dependencies are not satisfied should not be part of x. Constraints and dependencies are not checked when check_strict is FALSE.

Usage
ParamSet$check(xs, check_strict = TRUE, sanitize = FALSE)
Arguments
xs

(named list()).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

sanitize

(logical(1))
Whether to move values that are slightly outside bounds to valid values. These values are accepted independent of sanitize (depending on the tolerance arguments of p_dbl() and p_int()) . If sanitize is TRUE, the additional effect is that, should checks pass, the sanitized values of xs are added to the result as attribute "sanitized".

Returns

If successful TRUE, if not a string with an error message.

Method check_dependencies()

checkmate-like check-function. Takes a named list. Checks that all individual param dependencies are satisfied.

Usage
ParamSet$check_dependencies(xs)
Arguments
xs

(named list()).

Returns

If successful TRUE, if not a string with an error message.

Method test()

checkmate-like test-function. Takes a named list. A point x is feasible, if it configures a subset of params, all individual param constraints are satisfied and all dependencies are satisfied. Params for which dependencies are not satisfied should not be part of x. Constraints and dependencies are not checked when check_strict is FALSE.

Usage
ParamSet$test(xs, check_strict = TRUE)
Arguments
xs

(named list()).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

Returns

If successful TRUE, if not FALSE.

Method assert()

checkmate-like assert-function. Takes a named list. A point x is feasible, if it configures a subset of params, all individual param constraints are satisfied and all dependencies are satisfied. Params for which dependencies are not satisfied should not be part of x. Constraints and dependencies are not checked when check_strict is FALSE.

Usage
ParamSet$assert(
  xs,
  check_strict = TRUE,
  .var.name = vname(xs),
  sanitize = FALSE
)
Arguments
xs

(named list()).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

.var.name

(character(1))
Name of the checked object to print in error messages.
Defaults to the heuristic implemented in vname.

sanitize

(logical(1))
Whether to move values that are slightly outside bounds to valid values. These values are accepted independent of sanitize (depending on the tolerance arguments of p_dbl() and p_int()) . If sanitize is TRUE, the additional effect is that xs is converted to within bounds.

Returns

If successful xs invisibly, if not an error message.

Method check_dt()

checkmate-like check-function. Takes a data.table::data.table where rows are points and columns are parameters. A point x is feasible, if it configures a subset of params, all individual param constraints are satisfied and all dependencies are satisfied. Params for which dependencies are not satisfied should not be part of x. Constraints and dependencies are not checked when check_strict is FALSE.

Usage
ParamSet$check_dt(xdt, check_strict = TRUE)
Arguments
xdt

(data.table::data.table | data.frame()).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

Returns

If successful TRUE, if not a string with the error message.

Method test_dt()

checkmate-like test-function (s. ⁠$check_dt()⁠).

Usage
ParamSet$test_dt(xdt, check_strict = TRUE)
Arguments
xdt

(data.table::data.table).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

Returns

If successful TRUE, if not FALSE.

Method assert_dt()

checkmate-like assert-function (s. ⁠$check_dt()⁠).

Usage
ParamSet$assert_dt(xdt, check_strict = TRUE, .var.name = vname(xdt))
Arguments
xdt

(data.table::data.table).

check_strict

(logical(1))
Whether to check that constraints and dependencies are satisfied.

.var.name

(character(1))
Name of the checked object to print in error messages.
Defaults to the heuristic implemented in vname.

Returns

If successful xs invisibly, if not, an error is generated.

Method qunif()

Map a matrix or data.frame of values between 0 and 1 to proportional values inside the feasible intervals of individual parameters.

Usage
ParamSet$qunif(x)
Arguments
x

(matrix | data.frame)
Values to map. Column names must be a subset of the names of parameters.

Returns

data.table.

Method get_domain()

get the Domain object that could be used to create a given parameter.

Usage
ParamSet$get_domain(id)
Arguments
id

(character(1)).

Returns

Domain.

Method subset()

Create a new ParamSet restricted to the passed IDs.

Usage
ParamSet$subset(
  ids,
  allow_dangling_dependencies = FALSE,
  keep_constraint = TRUE
)
Arguments
ids

(character()).

allow_dangling_dependencies

(logical(1))
Whether to allow subsets that cut across parameter dependencies. Dependencies that point to dropped parameters are kept (but will be "dangling", i.e. their "on" will not be present).

keep_constraint

(logical(1))
Whether to keep the ⁠$constraint⁠ function.

Returns

ParamSet.

Method subspaces()

Create new one-dimensional ParamSets for each dimension.

Usage
ParamSet$subspaces(ids = private$.params$id)
Arguments
ids

(character())
IDs for which to create ParamSets. Defaults to all IDs.

Returns

named list() of ParamSet.

Method flatten()

Create a ParamSet from this object, even if this object itself is not a ParamSet but e.g. a ParamSetCollection.

Usage
ParamSet$flatten()

Method search_space()

Construct a ParamSet to tune over. Constructed from TuneToken in ⁠$values⁠, see to_tune().

Usage
ParamSet$search_space(values = self$values)
Arguments
values

(⁠named list⁠): optional named list of TuneToken objects to convert, in place of ⁠$values⁠.

Method add_dep()

Adds a dependency to this set, so that param id now depends on param on.

Usage
ParamSet$add_dep(id, on, cond, allow_dangling_dependencies = FALSE)
Arguments
id

(character(1)).

on

(character(1)).

cond

(Condition).

allow_dangling_dependencies

(logical(1)): Whether to allow dependencies on parameters that are not present.

Method format()

Helper for print outputs.

Usage
ParamSet$format()
Arguments
...

(ignored).

Method print()

Printer.

Usage
ParamSet$print(
  ...,
  hide_cols = c("levels", "is_bounded", "special_vals", "tags", "storage_type")
)
Arguments
...

(ignored).

hide_cols

(character())
Which fields should not be printed? Default is "levels", "is_bounded", "special_vals", "tags", and "storage_type".

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
ParamSet$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

pset = ParamSet$new(
  params = list(
    d = p_dbl(lower = -5, upper = 5, default = 0, trafo = function(x) 2^x),
    f = p_fct(levels = letters[1:3])
  )
)

# alternative, recommended way of construction in this case since the
# parameter list is not dynamic:
pset = ps(
  d = p_dbl(lower = -5, upper = 5, default = 0, trafo = function(x) 2^x),
  f = p_fct(levels = letters[1:3])
)

pset$check(list(d = 2.1, f = "a"))

pset$check(list(d = 2.1, f = "d"))
[Package paradox version 1.0.1 Index]