hessian {optimalThreshold}

Second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a specified distribution

Description

The hessian function returns the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function relative to the S4 object passed in its argument. See details to know on what kind of S4 objects this function could be applied.

Usage

hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'normalDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'logNormalDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'gammaDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'studentDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'logisticDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'compoundEvtRefDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'compoundNoEvtRefDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'compoundEvtInnovDist'
hessian(object)

## S4 method for signature 'compoundNoEvtInnovDist'
hessian(object)

Arguments

object

A distribution object.

Details

This method can be applied to the S4 distribution objects that are supported in the optimalThreshold package: normalDist, logNormalDist, gammaDist, studentDist, logisticDist, and userDefinedDist. These methods are applied internally, and you have no need to use it outside of the main functions trtSelThresh and diagThresh.

• Normal distribution: the hessian method applied to a normalDist object is simply the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a normal distribution, with mu=\mu and sd=\sigma, and expressed as:

  f'(x)=((\mu-x)/\sigma^2)*f(x)

• Log-normal distribution: the hessian method applied to a logNormalDist object is simply the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a log-normal distribution, with mu=\mu and sd=\sigma, and expressed as:

  f'(x)=(((\mu-\log(x))/(x*\sigma^2))-1/x)*f(x)

• Gamma distribution: the hessian method applied to a gammaDist object is simply the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a gamma distribution, with shape=\alpha and scale=\beta, and expressed as:

  f'(x)=((\alpha-1)/x-1/\beta)*f(x)

• Scaled t distribution: the hessian method applied to a studentDist object is simply the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a t scaled distribution, with df=n, mu=\mu and sd=\sigma, and expressed as:

  f'(x)=(-(n+1))*((x-\mu)/(\sigma^2*(n+((x-\mu)/\sigma)^2)))*f(x)

• Logistic distribution: the hessian method applied to a logisticDist object is simply the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of a logistic distribution, with location=\mu, and scale=\sigma, and expressed as:

  f'(x)=((\exp(-(x-\mu)/\sigma)^2-1)/(\sigma*(1+\exp(-(x-\mu)/\sigma))^2))*f(x)

• User-defined distribution: the hessin method applied to a userDefinedDist object is simply the hessian function provided by the user when fitting a user-defined distribution with the fit function.

The S4 objects compoundEvtRefDist, compoundNoEvtRefDist, compoundEvtInnovDist, and compoundNoEvtInnovDist are created internally. The hessian function applied to these objects is defined dynamically depending on what types of distribution are fitted. The definition of the hessian function relies on the expression of the randomization constraint of a clinical trial that enforces the distribution of the marker in each treatment arm to be identical (see References for more details).

Value

Returns the second derivative of the cumulative distribution function of the specified distribution.

References

Blangero, Y, Rabilloud, M, Ecochard, R, and Subtil, F. A Bayesian method to estimate the optimal threshold of a marker used to select patients' treatment. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2019.

See Also

trtSelThresh, fit