R: Conditional Logit Models and Mixed Conditional Logit Models

mclogit {mclogit}

R Documentation

Conditional Logit Models and Mixed Conditional Logit Models

Description

mclogit fits conditional logit models and mixed conditional logit models to count data and individual choice data, where the choice set may vary across choice occasions.

Conditional logit models without random effects are fitted by Fisher-scoring/IWLS. Models with random effects (mixed conditional logit models) are estimated via maximum likelihood with a simple Laplace aproximation (aka PQL).

Usage


mclogit(formula, data=parent.frame(), random=NULL,
        subset, weights = NULL, offset=NULL, na.action = getOption("na.action"),
        model = TRUE, x = FALSE, y = TRUE, contrasts=NULL,
        method = NULL, estimator=c("ML","REML"),
        dispersion = FALSE,
        start=NULL,
        control=if(length(random))
                    mmclogit.control(...)
                else mclogit.control(...), ...)

## S3 method for class 'mclogit'
update(object, formula., dispersion, ...)

## S3 method for class 'mclogit'
summary(object, dispersion = NULL, correlation = FALSE,
        symbolic.cor = FALSE,  ...)

Arguments

`formula`	a model formula: a symbolic description of the model to be fitted. The left-hand side should result in a two-column matrix. The first column contains the choice counts or choice indicators (alternative is chosen=1, is not chosen=0). The second column contains unique numbers for each choice set. The left-hand side can either take the form `cbind(choice,set)` or (from version 0.9.1) `choice\|set` If individual-level data is used, choice sets correspond to individuals, if aggregated data with choice counts are used, choice sets usually correspond to covariate classes. The right-hand of the formula contains choice predictors. It should be noted that constants are deleted from the formula as are predictors that do not vary within choice sets.
`data`	an optional data frame, list or environment (or object coercible by `as.data.frame` to a data frame) containing the variables in the model. If not found in `data`, the variables are taken from `environment(formula)`, typically the environment from which `glm` is called.
`random`	an optional formula or list of formulas that specify the random-effects structure or NULL.
`weights`	an optional vector of weights to be used in the fitting process. Should be `NULL` or a numeric vector.
`offset`	an optional model offset. Currently only supported for models without random effects.
`subset`	an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used in the fitting process.
`na.action`	a function which indicates what should happen when the data contain `NA`s. The default is set by the `na.action` setting of `options`, and is `na.fail` if that is unset. The ‘factory-fresh’ default is `na.omit`. Another possible value is `NULL`, no action. Value `na.exclude` can be useful.
`start`	an optional numerical vector of starting values for the conditional logit parameters. If the model has random effects, the vector should have a "VarCov" attribute wtih starting values for the random effects (co-)variances. If the random effects model is estimated with the "PQL" method, the starting values matrix should also have a "random.effects" attribute, which should have the same structure as the "random.effects" component of an object returned by `mblogit()`.
`model`	a logical value indicating whether model frame should be included as a component of the returned value.
`x`, `y`	logical values indicating whether the response vector and model matrix used in the fitting process should be returned as components of the returned value.
`contrasts`	an optional list. See the `contrasts.arg` of `model.matrix.default`.
`method`	`NULL` or a character string, either "PQL" or "MQL", specifies the type of the quasilikelihood approximation to be used if a random-effects model is to be estimated.
`estimator`	a character string; either "ML" or "REML", specifies which estimator is to be used/approximated.
`dispersion`	a real number used as dispersion parameter; a character vector that specifies the method to compute the dispersion; a logical value – if `TRUE` the default method (`"Afroz"`) is used, if `FALSE`, the dispersion parameter is set to 1, that is, no dispersion. For details see `dispersion`.
`control`	a list of parameters for the fitting process. See `mclogit.control`
`...`	arguments to be passed to `mclogit.control` or `mmclogit.control`
`object`	an object that inherits class `"mclogit"`. When passed to `dispersion()`, it should be the result of a call of `mclogit()` of `mblogit()`, without random effects.
`formula.`	a changes to the model formula, see `update.default` and `update.formula`.
`correlation`	logical; see `summary.lm`.
`symbolic.cor`	logical; see `summary.lm`.

Value

mclogit returns an object of class "mclogit", which has almost the same structure as an object of class "glm".

Note

Covariates that are constant within choice sets are automatically dropped from the model formula specified by the formula argument of mclogit.

If the model contains random effects, these should

either vary within choice sets (e.g. the levels of a factor that defines the choice sets should not be nested within the levels of factor)
or be random coefficients of covariates that vary within choice sets.

In earlier versions of the package (prior to 0.6) it will lead to a failure of the model fitting algorithm if these conditions are not satisfied. Since version 0.6 of the package, the function mclogit will complain about such model a misspecification explicitely.

References

Agresti, Alan (2002). Categorical Data Analysis. 2nd ed, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. doi:10.1002/0471249688

Breslow, N.E. and D.G. Clayton (1993). "Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models". Journal of the American Statistical Association 88 (421): 9-25. doi:10.1080/01621459.1993.10594284

Elff, Martin (2009). "Social Divisions, Party Positions, and Electoral Behaviour". Electoral Studies 28(2): 297-308. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2009.02.002

McFadden, D. (1973). "Conditionial Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior". Pp. 105-135 in P. Zarembka (ed.). Frontiers in Econometrics. New York: Wiley. https://eml.berkeley.edu/reprints/mcfadden/zarembka.pdf

Examples

data(Transport)

summary(mclogit(
  cbind(resp,suburb)~distance+cost,
  data=Transport
  ))
# New syntactic sugar:
summary(mclogit(
  resp|suburb~distance+cost,
  data=Transport
  ))


## Not run:  # This takes a bit longer.
data(electors)

electors <- within(electors,{
    party.time <-interaction(party,time)
    time.class <- interaction(time,class)
})

# Time points nested within parties
summary(mclogit(
  Freq|time.class~econ.left/class+welfare/class+auth/class,
  random=~1|party/time,
  data=electors))

# Party-level random intercepts and random slopes varying over time points
summary(mclogit(
  Freq|time.class~econ.left/class+welfare/class+auth/class,
  random=list(~1|party,~econ.left+0|time),
  data=electors))

## End(Not run)

[Package mclogit version 0.9.6 Index]