ips {lmfor}

Wood-decaying fungi carried by bark beetle individuals and their mites.

Description

The total number of fungal species (ophistomatoid and non-ophistomatoid fungi are coded separately) associated with Ips typographus bark beetle individuals and their mites.

Usage

data(ips)

Format

A data frame with 298 observations (bark betle individuals) on the following 5 variables.

Fungi

The total number of fungal species associated with the individual bark beetle.

Ophi

The number of ophistomatoid fungal species.

Other

The number of non-ophistomatoid fungal species. The three first variables are related through Other+Ophi=Fungi.

Season

Categorical time of data collection with three levels: spring, summer or fall. The default is spring.

Mites

The number of mites found in the bark beetle.

Details

The ophiostomatoid fungal families Microascales and Ophiostomatales are common associates of bark beetle Ips typographus, which they use to spread within the wood material. The number of fungal species in these families is high, and a certain beetle individual can carry several fungal species with it. The bark beetles may have mites attached to them, and it may be possible that some fungal species are associated to the beetles only through the mites.

The dataset includes measurements of 289 bark beetle individuals from a storm-felled Norway spruce forest in eastern Finland. For each individual, the number of attached mites was determined using a microscope. In addition the number of fungal species per bark beetle was determined genetically. However, it was not possible to determine whether the fungi were associated with the mites or the bark beetle itself. The observations were collected at three different seasons: spring, summer and fall of the same year, approximately 100 individuals in each season. The data are used to analyze the effects of season and number of mites on the number of fungal species per bark beetle.

References

Linnakoski, R., Mahilainen, S., Harrington, A., Vanhanen, H., Eriksson, M., Mehtatalo, L., Pappinen, A., Wingfield, M.J. 2016. The seasonal succession of fungi associated with Ips typographus beetles and their phoretic mites in an outbreak region of Finland. PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155622.

Mehtatalo, Lauri and Lappi, Juha 2020. Biometry for Forestry and Environmental Data: with examples in R. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC. 426 p. doi:10.1201/9780429173462

Examples

data(ips)

ips$Mites2<-ips$Mites-mean(ips$Mites)

mod1<-glm(Fungi~Season+Mites,family=poisson,data=ips)