hypervolume_holes {hypervolume}

Hole detection

Description

Detects the holes in an observed hypervolume relative to an expectation

Usage

hypervolume_holes(hv.obs, hv.exp, set.num.points.max = NULL, set.check.memory = TRUE)

Arguments

hv.obs

The observed hypervolume whose holes are to be detected

hv.exp

The expected hypervolume that provides a baseline expectation geometry

set.num.points.max

Maximum number of points to be used for set operations comparing hv_obs to hv_exp. Defaults to 10^(3+sqrt(n)), where n is the dimensionality of the input hypervolumes.

set.check.memory

If TRUE, estimates the memory usage required to perform set operations, then exits. If FALSE, prints resource usage and continues algorithm. It is useful for preventing crashes to check the estimated memory usage on large or high dimensional datasets before running the full algorithm.

Details

This algorithm has a good Type I error rate (rarely detects holes that do not actually exist). However it can have a high Type II error rate (failure to find holes when they do exist). To reduce this error rate, make sure to re-run the algorithm with input hypervolumes with higher values of @PointDensity, or increase set.num.points.max.

The algorithm performs the set difference between the observed and expected hypervolumes, then removes stray points in this hypervolume by deleting any random point whose distance from any other random point is greater than expected.

A 'rule of thumb' is that algorithm has acceptable statistical performance when log_e(m) > n, where m is the number of data points and n is the dimensionality.

Value

A Hypervolume object containing a uniformly random set of points describing the holes in hv_obs. Note that the point density of this object is likely to be much lower than that of the input hypervolumes due to the stochastic geometry algorithms used.

Examples

## Not run: 
# generate annulus data
data_annulus <- data.frame(matrix(data=runif(4000),ncol=2))
names(data_annulus) <- c("x","y")
data_annulus  <- subset(data_annulus, 
sqrt((x-0.5)^2+(y-0.5)^2) > 0.4 & sqrt((x-0.5)^2+(y-0.5)^2) < 0.5)

# MAKE HYPERVOLUME (low reps for fast execution)
hv_annulus <- hypervolume_gaussian(data_annulus,
                kde.bandwidth=0.05,name='annulus',samples.per.point=1)

# GET CONVEX EXPECTATION
hv_convex <- expectation_convex(hypervolume_thin(hv_annulus,num.samples=500),
                check.memory=FALSE,use.random=TRUE)

# DETECT HOLES (low npoints for fast execution)
features_annulus <- hypervolume_holes(
                      hv.obs=hv_annulus, 
                      hv.exp=hv_convex,
                      set.check.memory=FALSE)

# CLEAN UP RESULTS
features_segmented <- hypervolume_segment(features_annulus, 
                        check.memory=FALSE,distance.factor=2)
features_segmented_pruned <- hypervolume_prune(features_segmented, 
                                volume.min=0.02)

# PLOT RETAINED HOLE(S)
plot(hypervolume_join(hv_annulus, features_segmented_pruned))

## End(Not run)