mdbw {healthequal}

Mean difference from the best-performing subgroup (weighted) (MDBW)

Description

The Mean Difference from the Best-Performing Subgroup (MDB) is an absolute measure of inequality that shows the mean difference between each population subgroup and the subgroup with the best estimate. For the weighted version (MDBW), subgroups are weighted according to their population share.

Usage

mdbw(
  pop,
  est,
  se = NULL,
  favourable_indicator,
  scaleval,
  sim = NULL,
  seed = 123456,
  ...
)

Arguments

pop

The number of people within each subgroup. Population size must be available for all subgroups.

est

The subgroup estimate. Estimates must be available for all subgroups.

se

The standard error of the subgroup estimate. If this is missing, 95% confidence intervals of MDBW cannot be calculated.

favourable_indicator

Records whether the indicator is favourable (1) or non-favourable (0). Favourable indicators measure desirable health events where the ultimate goal is to achieve a maximum level (such as skilled birth attendance). Non-favourable indicators measure undesirable health events where the ultimate goal is to achieve a minimum level (such as under-five mortality rate).

scaleval

The scale of the indicator. For example, the scale of an indicator measured as a percentage is 100. The scale of an indicator measured as a rate per 1000 population is 1000.

sim

The number of simulations to estimate 95% confidence intervals

seed

The random number generator (RNG) state for the 95% confidence interval simulation

...

Further arguments passed to or from other methods.

Details

The weighted version (MDBW) is calculated as the weighted average of absolute differences between the subgroup estimates and the estimate for the best-performing subgroup, divided by the number of subgroups. For more information on this inequality measure see Schlotheuber, A., & Hosseinpoor, A. R. (2022) below.

95% confidence intervals are calculated using a methodology of simulated estimates. The dataset is simulated a large number of times (e.g., 100) and MDBW is calculated for each of the simulated samples. The 95% confidence intervals are based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the MDBW results.

Interpretation: MDBW only has positive values, with larger values indicating higher levels of inequality. MDBW is zero if there is no inequality.

Type of summary measure: Complex; absolute; weighted

Applicability: Non-ordered; more than two subgroups

Value

The estimated MDBW value, corresponding estimated standard error, and confidence interval as a data.frame.

References

Schlotheuber, A., & Hosseinpoor, A. R. (2022). Summary measures of health inequality: A review of existing measures and their application. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (6), 3697.

Examples

# example code
data(NonorderedSample)
head(NonorderedSample)
with(NonorderedSample,
     mdbw(pop = population,
          est = estimate,
          se,
          scaleval = indicator_scale,
          favourable_indicator
         )
     )