PCA-class {dimRed}

Principal Component Analysis

Description

S4 Class implementing PCA.

Details

PCA transforms the data in orthogonal components so that the first axis accounts for the larges variance in the data, all the following axes account for the highest variance under the constraint that they are orthogonal to the preceding axes. PCA is sensitive to the scaling of the variables. PCA is by far the fastest and simples method of dimensionality reduction and should probably always be applied as a baseline if other methods are tested.

Slots

fun

A function that does the embedding and returns a dimRedResult object.

stdpars

The standard parameters for the function.

General usage

Dimensionality reduction methods are S4 Classes that either be used directly, in which case they have to be initialized and a full list with parameters has to be handed to the @fun() slot, or the method name be passed to the embed function and parameters can be given to the ..., in which case missing parameters will be replaced by the ones in the @stdpars.

Parameters

PCA can take the following parameters:

ndim

The number of output dimensions.

center

logical, should the data be centered, defaults to TRUE.

scale.

logical, should the data be scaled, defaults to FALSE.

Implementation

Wraps around prcomp. Because PCA can be reduced to a simple rotation, forward and backward projection functions are supplied.

References

Pearson, K., 1901. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philosophical Magazine 2, 559-572.

See Also

Other dimensionality reduction methods: AutoEncoder-class, DRR-class, DiffusionMaps-class, DrL-class, FastICA-class, FruchtermanReingold-class, HLLE-class, Isomap-class, KamadaKawai-class, MDS-class, NNMF-class, PCA_L1-class, UMAP-class, dimRedMethod-class, dimRedMethodList(), kPCA-class, nMDS-class, tSNE-class

Examples

dat <- loadDataSet("Iris")
emb <- embed(dat, "PCA")

plot(emb, type = "2vars")
if(requireNamespace("scatterplot3d", quietly = TRUE))
  plot(inverse(emb, getDimRedData(emb)), type = "3vars")