speciesdiv {adiv}

Indices of Species Diversity

Description

The function speciesdiv calculates diversity indices that rely on relative or absolute species abundance.

Usage

speciesdiv(comm, method = "full", tol = 1e-8)

Arguments

comm

a data frame or a matrix typically with communities as rows, species as columns and presence/absence or abundance as entry. Note that with presence/absence (0/1) data, only species richness will be calculated correctly.

method

a string or a vector of strings: one or several of "richness", "GiniSimpson", "Simpson", "Shannon", "Margalef", "Menhinick", "McIntosh", "full". See details.

tol

a tolerance threshold (a value between -tol and tol is considered equal to zero)

Details

Let S_i be the number of species in community i, n_{ij} be the absolute abundance of species j in community i, N_i the sum of all species abundance in community i (N_i=\sum_j n_{ij}; the sum of row i in comm), p_{ij} the relative abundance of species j in community i (p_{ij}=n_{ij}/N_i). If method="richness", the diversity index is the number of species. If method="GiniSimpson", the diversity index is that of Gini (1912) and Simpson (1949): 1-\sum_j p_{ij}^2. If method="Simpson", the diversity index is (Simpson 1949): 1/\sum_j p_{ij}^2. If method="Shannon", the diversity index is that of Shannon (1948) with neperian logarithm: -\sum_j p_{ij}log(p_{ij}). If method="Margalef", the diversity index is that of Margalef (1972): (S_i-1)/log(N_i). If method="Menhinick", the diversity index is that of Menhinick (1964): S_i/\sqrt{N_i}. If method="McIntosh", the diversity index is that of McIntosh (1967): (N_i-\sqrt{\sum_j n_{ij}^2})/(N_i-\sqrt{N_i}). If one of the strings is "full", then all indices are calculated.

Value

Function speciesdiv returns a matrix with communities as rows and the diversity indices as columns.

Author(s)

Sandrine Pavoine [e-mail]

References

Gini, C. (1912) Variabilita e mutabilita. Studi economicoaguridici delle facoltta di giurizprudenza dell, Universite di Cagliari III, Parte II.

Magurran, A.E. (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.

Margalef, R. (1972) Homage to Evelyn Hutchinson, or why is there an upper limit to diversity? Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 44, 211–235.

McIntosh, R.P. (1967) An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to diversity. Ecology, 48, 392–404.

Menhinick, E.F. (1964) A Comparison of some species-individuals diversity indices applied to samples of field insects. Ecology, 45, 859–861.

Shannon, C.E. (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System technical journal, 27, 379–423, 623–656.

Simpson, E.H. (1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.

Examples

data(batcomm)
ab <- batcomm$ab
speciesdiv(ab)