PNDbelow {SSDforR}

PND - desired values below the reference line

Description

This effect size function evaluates the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) below the lowest data point in the comparison phase.

Usage

PNDbelow(behavior, phaseX, v1, v2)

Arguments

behavior

behavior variable

phaseX

phase variable

v1

comparison phase variable (e.g., "A")

v2

second phase variable (e.g., "B")

Author(s)

Charles Auerbach, PhD Wurzweiler School of Social Work Wendy Zeitlin, PhD Montclair State University

References

Lenz, A.S. (2012). Calculating effect size in single-case research: A comparison of nonoverlap methods. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(1), 64-73.

Scruggs, T.E. & Mastropieri, M.A. (2012). PND at 25: Past, present, and future trends in summarizing single-subject research. Remedial and Special Education, 34(1), 9-19.

Auerbach, Charles, and Zeitlin Wendy. SSD for R: An R Package for Analyzing Single-Subject Data. Oxford University Press, 2014. p60, p137

Lenz, A.S. (2012). Calculating effect size in single-case research: A comparison of nonoverlap methods. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(1), 64-73.

Parker, R.I. & Hagan-Burker, S. & Vannest, K. (2007). Percentage of all non-overlapping data: An alternative to PND. The Journal of Special Education, 40(4), 194-204.

Go to www.ssdanalysis.com for more information.

Examples

cry<-c(3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 4, NA, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, NA, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0)
pcry<-c("A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", NA, "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B", 
NA, "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1", "B1")
PNDbelow(cry,pcry,"A","B1")