QGvar.dist {QGglmm}

Compute the distribution variance

Description

This function computes the variance emerging from the error distribution around the individual expected value. This variance, added to the variance of the individual expected values themselves (see QGvar.exp) yields the total observed phenotypic variance.

Usage

QGvar.dist(mu = NULL, var, var.func, predict = NULL, width = 10)

Arguments

mu

Latent intercept estimated from a GLMM (ignored if predict is not NULL). (numeric of length 1)

var

Latent total phenotypic variance estimated from a GLMM. Usually, the sum of the estimated variances of the random effects, plus the "residual" variance. (numeric of length 1)

var.func

Function giving the variance of the distribution according to a given latent value. (function)

predict

Optional vector of predicted values on the latent scale (i.e. matrix product Xb). The latent predicted values must be computed while only accounting for the fixed effects (marginal to the random effects). (numeric)

width

Parameter for the integral computation. The integral is evaluated from mu - width * sqrt(var) to mu + width * sqrt(var). The default value is 10, which should be sensible for most models. (numeric)

Details

The distribution variance is the part of the observed variance emerging from the error distribution. It is calculated as an average error variance over all possible latent values. The distribution variance added to the variance of the expected values gives the total phenotypic variance on the observed scale.

The variance function (var.func) is a function giving the variance of the error distribution of the GLMM according to a given latent value.

Using a Poisson distribution with a logarithm link, this function is exp(x), because the variance of a Poisson is its mean. Using a Negative Binomial distribution with a logarithm link, this function will now be exp(x) + exp(2 * x) / theta. Note that the dispersion parameter theta is necessary for a Negative Binomial distribution.

The var.func function is yielded by QGlink.funcs according to a given distribution.link model (see Example below).

Contrary to QGparams, QGvar.exp never uses the closed form solutions, but always compute the integrals.

Value

This function yields the distribution variance. (numeric)

Author(s)

Pierre de Villemereuil & Michael B. Morrissey

See Also

QGvar.exp, QGparams, QGpred, QGlink.funcs, QGmean, QGpsi

Examples

## Example using Poisson.log model
mu <- 1
va <- 0.2
vp <- 0.5

# The variance function is simply the inverse-link function
# because the variance of a Poisson is its mean
varfunc <- function(x) { exp(x) }

QGvar.dist(mu = mu, var = vp, var.func = varfunc)

# The QGlink.funcs gives a ready - to - use var.func
funcs <- QGlink.funcs(name = "Poisson.log")

# Calculating the distribution variance
vdist <- QGvar.dist(mu = mu, var = vp, var.func = funcs$var.func)

vdist           # Same value as above

# Calculating the variance of the expected values
vexp <- QGvar.exp(mu = mu, var = vp, link.inv = funcs$inv.link)

# The phenotypic variance on the observed scale is then:
vexp + vdist

# This computation is automatically performed by QGparams
# but directly using the closed form solutions when available
QGparams(mu = mu, var.p = vp, var.a = va, model = "Poisson.log")
# var.obs is equal to the sum above