werfel {DOS2}

Welding Fumes and DNA Damage

Description

This data set from Werfel et al. (1998) describes 39 electric arc welders and 39 controls matched for age and smoking. All are men. The outcome is a measure of genetic damage; specifically, erpcp_p is a measure of DNA single strand breakage and DNA-protein cross-links using elution rates through polycarbonate filters with proteinase K. The data are used as an example in Chapter 3 of Design of Observational Studies.

Usage

data("werfel")

Format

A data frame with 39 observations on the following 6 variables.

cage

Age in years of the control in a matched pair.

csmoke

NS=nonsmoker, S=smoker for the control in a pair

cerpc_p

erpcp_p for the control in a pair

sage

Age in years of the welder in a matched pair.

ssmoke

NS=nonsmoker, S=smoker for the welder in a pair

serpc_p

erpcp_p for the welder in a pair

Source

The data are from Werfel et al. (1998). It is used as an example in Section 3.5 of "Design of Observational Studies". It is also discussed in Fogarty (2019) and Rosenbaum (2007, 2015).

References

Fogarty, C. B. (2019) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2019.1632072> "Studentized Sensitivity Analysis for the Sample Average Treatment Effect in Paired Observational Studies". Journal of the American Statistical Association, to appear.

Rosenbaum, P. R. (1987) <doi:10.1093/biomet/74.1.13> "Sensitivity analysis for certain permutation inferences in matched observational studies". Biometrika, 74(1), 13-26.

Rosenbaum, P. R. (2007) <doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x> "Sensitivity analysis for M estimates, tests, and confidence intervals in matched observational studies". Biometrics, 63(2), 456-464.

Rosenbaum, P. R. (2015) <https://obsstudies.org/two-r-packages-for-sensitivity-analysis-in-observational-studies/> "Two R packages for sensitivity analysis in observational studies". Observational Studies, 1(1), 1-17.

Werfel, U., Langen, V., Eickhoff, I., Schoonbrood, J., Vahrenholz, C., Brauksiepe, A., Popp, W. and Norpoth, K. (1998) <doi:10.1093/carcin/19.3.413> "Elevated DNA single-strand breakage frequencies in lymphocytes of welders exposed to chromium and nickel". Carcinogenesis, 19(3), 413-418.

Examples

data(werfel)
d<-werfel$serpc_p-werfel$cerpc_p

# Reproduces the approximate one-sided P-value computed in Section 3.5
senWilcox(d,gamma=3)

# Amplification in Section 3.6
sensitivitymult::amplify(3,5)
sensitivitymult::amplify(3,c(5,5.8,7))

# Agrees with the usual large sample Wilcoxon procedures when gamma=1.
senWilcox(d,gamma=1,conf.int=TRUE,alternative="twosided")
stats::wilcox.test(d,conf.int=TRUE,exact=FALSE,correct=FALSE)