mar.iso {Biodem}

Observed and Random Marital Isonymy

Description

Function “mar.iso” calculates Observed and Random Marital Isonymy starting from tables of observed couples of surnames frequencies in each (sub)population.

Usage

mar.iso(x)

Arguments

x

is a table object containing N matrices, where N is the number of analysed (sub)populations. Each matrix is a square matrix whose dimensions are equal to the total number of different surnames observed in the analysed subpopulations. Rows correspond to male surnames entries and columns to female surnames entries

Details

Marital Isonymy coefficients are obtainable starting from marriage data or equivalent data. The tables of observed couples of surnames needed as argument in “mar.iso” are easily obtainable from raw data using the "sur.freq" function selecting the "marriage" option. Observed Isonymy (Pt) is the number of isonymic marriages (i. e. marriages in which both the mates have the same surname) on the total number of marriages. Random Isonymy (Pr) is the probability that two mates have randomly the same surname and is given by: Pr = sum (pi * qi), where pi is the frequence of the i-th surname among males and qi is the frequency of the i-th surname among females.

Value

Returns a data frame reporting Observed Isonymy (Pt) and Random Isonymy (Pr) for each (sub)population (pop)

Note

The Observed Isonymy coefficient (Pt) is a measure of within (sub)population kinship. The Random Isonymy coefficient (Pr) is an unbiased measure of the expected within (sub)population kinship value in case of random marriage unions. The output of the “mar.iso” function can be used as the argument for the "sur.inbr" function to calculate Inbreeding indexes. Pr values can also be substituted to the diagonal values of the kinship between populations matrix given by the function "uri" to obtain another unbiased random kinship matrix.

Author(s)

Federico C. F. Calboli and Alessio Boattini [e-mail]

References

Crow, J. F., Mange, A. P. 1965. Measurement of inbreeding from the frequency of marriages between persons of the same surnames. Eugen. Q. 12:199-203. Crow, J. F. 1980. The estimation of inbreeding from isonymy. Hum. Biol. 52:1-14.

See Also

sur.freq to calculate surnames frequencies tables from raw marriages data bases, sur.inbr to calculate inbreeding coefficients starting from Pt and Pr, r.pairs to calculate Repeated Pairs indexes, uri to calculate a matrix of Unbiased Random Isonymy coefficients between (sub)populations

Examples

data(valley)
valley #a subset of a real marriage data base

mar <- sur.freq(valley,valley$PAR,valley$SURM,valley$SURF,freq.table="marriages")
mar # frequency tables of the observed pairs of surnames in each population

iso <- mar.iso(mar)
iso # a data frame containing Pt and Pr values for each (sub)population