Cauchy {stats}

The Cauchy Distribution

Description

Density, distribution function, quantile function and random generation for the Cauchy distribution with location parameter location and scale parameter scale.

Usage

dcauchy(x, location = 0, scale = 1, log = FALSE)
pcauchy(q, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
qcauchy(p, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
rcauchy(n, location = 0, scale = 1)

Arguments

x, q

vector of quantiles.

p

vector of probabilities.

n

number of observations. If length(n) > 1, the length is taken to be the number required.

location, scale

location and scale parameters.

log, log.p

logical; if TRUE, probabilities p are given as log(p).

lower.tail

logical; if TRUE (default), probabilities are P[X \le x], otherwise, P[X > x].

Details

If location or scale are not specified, they assume the default values of 0 and 1 respectively.

The Cauchy distribution with location l and scale s has density

f(x) = \frac{1}{\pi s} \left( 1 + \left(\frac{x - l}{s}\right)^2 \right)^{-1}%

for all x.

Value

dcauchy, pcauchy, and qcauchy are respectively the density, distribution function and quantile function of the Cauchy distribution. rcauchy generates random deviates from the Cauchy.

The length of the result is determined by n for rcauchy, and is the maximum of the lengths of the numerical arguments for the other functions.

The numerical arguments other than n are recycled to the length of the result. Only the first elements of the logical arguments are used.

Source

dcauchy, pcauchy and qcauchy are all calculated from numerically stable versions of the definitions.

rcauchy uses inversion.

References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

Johnson, N. L., Kotz, S. and Balakrishnan, N. (1995) Continuous Univariate Distributions, volume 1, chapter 16. Wiley, New York.

See Also

Distributions for other standard distributions, including dt for the t distribution which generalizes dcauchy(*, l = 0, s = 1).

Examples

dcauchy(-1:4)