dmst {sn}

Multivariate skew-t distribution and skew-Cauchy distribution

Description

Probability density function, distribution function and random number generation for the multivariate skew-t (ST) and skew-Cauchy (SC) distributions.

Usage

dmst(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf, dp=NULL, log=FALSE)
pmst(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf, dp=NULL, ...)
rmst(n=1, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf, dp=NULL)
dmsc(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, dp=NULL, log=FALSE)
pmsc(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, dp=NULL, ...)
rmsc(n=1, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, dp=NULL)

Arguments

x

for dmst and dmsc, this is either a vector of length d, where d=length(alpha), or a matrix with d columns, representing the coordinates of the point(s) where the density must be avaluated; for pmst and pmsc, only a vector of length d is allowed.

xi

a numeric vector of length d representing the location parameter of the distribution; see ‘Background’. In a call to dmst or dmsc, xi can be a matrix, whose rows represent a set of location parameters; in this case, its dimensions must match those of x.

Omega

a symmetric positive-definite matrix of dimension (d,d); see Section ‘Background’.

alpha

a numeric vector of length d which regulates the slant of the density; see Section ‘Background’. Inf values in alpha are not allowed.

nu

a positive value representing the degrees of freedom of ST distribution; does not need to be integer. Default value is nu=Inf which corresponds to the multivariate skew-normal distribution.

dp

a list with three elements named xi, Omega, alpha and nu, containing quantities as described above. If dp is specified, this prevents specification of the individual parameters.

n

a numeric value which represents the number of random vectors to be drawn; default value is 1.

log

logical (default value: FALSE); if TRUE, log-densities are returned.

...

additional parameters passed to pmt.

Details

Typical usages are

dmst(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf, log=FALSE)
dmst(x, dp=, log=FALSE)
pmst(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf, ...)
pmst(x, dp=, ...)
rmst(n=1, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, nu=Inf)
rmst(n=1, dp=)
dmsc(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, log=FALSE)
dmsc(x, dp=, log=FALSE)
pmsc(x, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha, ...)
pmsc(x, dp=, ...)
rmsc(n=1, xi=rep(0,length(alpha)), Omega, alpha)
rmsc(n=1, dp=)

For efficiency reasons, rmst, rmsc make very limited checks on the validity of the arguments. For instance, failure to positive definiteness of Omega would not be detected, and an uncontrolled crash occurs. Function pmst requires dmt from package mnormt; the accuracy of its computation can be controlled via argument ....

Value

A vector of density values (dmst and dmsc) or a single probability (pmst and pmsc) or a matrix of random points (rmst and rmsc).

Background

The family of multivariate ST distributions is an extension of the multivariate Student's t family, via the introduction of a alpha parameter which regulates asymmetry; when alpha=0, the skew-t distribution reduces to the commonly used form of multivariate Student's t. Further, location is regulated by xi and scale by Omega, when its diagonal terms are not all 1's. When nu=Inf the distribution reduces to the multivariate skew-normal one; see dmsn. Notice that the location vector xi does not represent the mean vector of the distribution (which in fact may not even exist if nu <= 1), and similarly Omega is not the covariance matrix of the distribution, although it is a covariance matrix. For additional information, see Section 6.2 of the reference below.

The family of multivariate SC distributions is the subset of the ST family, obtained when nu=1. While in the univariate case there are specialized functions for the SC distribution, dmsc, pmsc and rmsc simply make a call to dmst, pmst, rmst with argument nu set equal to 1.

References

Azzalini, A. with the collaboration of Capitanio, A. (2014). The Skew-Normal and Related Families. Cambridge University Press, IMS Monograph series.

See Also

dst, dsc, dmsn, dmt, makeSECdistr

Examples

x <- seq(-4,4,length=15)
xi <- c(0.5, -1)
Omega <- diag(2)
Omega[2,1] <- Omega[1,2] <- 0.5
alpha <- c(2,2)
pdf <- dmst(cbind(x,2*x-1), xi, Omega, alpha, 5)
rnd <- rmst(10,  xi, Omega, alpha, 6)
p1 <- pmst(c(2,1), xi, Omega, alpha, nu=5)
p2 <- pmst(c(2,1), xi, Omega, alpha, nu=5, abseps=1e-12, maxpts=10000)