confint.segmented {segmented}

Confidence intervals for breakpoints

Description

Computes confidence intervals for the breakpoints in a fitted ‘segmented’ model.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'segmented'
confint(object, parm, level=0.95, method=c("delta", "score", "gradient"), 
    rev.sgn=FALSE, var.diff=FALSE, is=FALSE, digits=max(4, getOption("digits") - 1), 
    .coef=NULL, .vcov=NULL, ...)

Arguments

object

a fitted segmented object.

parm

the segmented variable of interest. If missing the first segmented variable in object is considered.

level

the confidence level required, default to 0.95.

method

which confidence interval should be computed. One of "delta", "score", or "gradient". Can be abbreviated.

rev.sgn

vector of logicals. The length should be equal to the length of parm; recycled otherwise. when TRUE it is assumed that the current parm is ‘minus’ the actual segmented variable, therefore the sign is reversed before printing. This is useful when a null-constraint has been set on the last slope.

var.diff

logical. If method="delta", and there is a single segmented variable, var.diff=TRUE leads to standard errors based on sandwich-type formula of the covariance matrix. See Details in summary.segmented.

is

logical. If method="delta", is=TRUE means that the full covariance matrix is computed via vcov(.., is=TRUE)

digits

controls the number of digits to print when returning the output.

.coef

The regression parameter estimates. If unspecified (i.e. NULL), it is computed internally by coef(object).

.vcov

The full covariance matrix of estimates. If unspecified (i.e. NULL), the covariance matrix is computed internally by vcov(object).

...

additional parameters referring to Score-based confidence intervals, such as "h", "d.h", "bw", "msgWarn", and "n.values" specifying the number of points used to profile the Score (or Gradient) statistic.

Details

confint.segmented computes confidence limits for the breakpoints. Currently there are three options, see argument method. method="delta" uses the standard error coming from the Delta method for the ratio of two random variables. This value is an approximation (slightly) better than the one reported in the ‘psi’ component of the list returned by any segmented method. The resulting confidence intervals are based on the asymptotic Normal distribution of the breakpoint estimator which is reliable just for clear-cut kink relationships. See Details in segmented.
method="score" or method="gradient" compute the confidence interval via profiling the Score or the Gradient statistics smoothed out by the induced smoothing paradigm, as discussed in the reference below.

Value

A matrix including point estimate and confidence limits of the breakpoint(s) for the segmented variable possibly specified in parm.

Note

Currently method="score" or method="gradient" only works for segmented linear model. For segmented generalized linear model, currently only method="delta" is available.

Author(s)

Vito M.R. Muggeo

References

Muggeo, V.M.R. (2017) Interval estimation for the breakpoint in segmented regression: a smoothed score-based approach. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 59, 311–322.

See Also

segmented and lines.segmented to plot the estimated breakpoints with corresponding confidence intervals.

Examples

set.seed(10)
x<-1:100
z<-runif(100)
y<-2+1.5*pmax(x-35,0)-1.5*pmax(x-70,0)+10*pmax(z-.5,0)+rnorm(100,0,2)
out.lm<-lm(y~x)
o<-segmented(out.lm,seg.Z=~x+z,psi=list(x=c(30,60),z=.4))
confint(o) #delta CI for the 1st variable 
confint(o, "x", method="score") #also method="g"