dp_hydro {reservoir}

Dynamic Programming for hydropower reservoirs

Description

Determines the optimal sequence of turbined releases to maximise the total energy produced by the reservoir.

Usage

dp_hydro(Q, capacity, capacity_live = capacity, surface_area, evap,
  installed_cap, head, qmax, max_depth, efficiency = 0.9, S_disc = 1000,
  R_disc = 10, S_initial = 1, plot = TRUE)

Arguments

Q

time series object. Net inflows to the reservoir. Must be in volumetric units of Mm^3.

capacity

numerical. The total reservoir storage capacity (including unusable "dead" storage). Must be in Mm^3.

capacity_live

numerical. The volume of usable water in the reservoir ("live capacity" or "active storage"). capacity_live <= capacity. Default capacity_live = capacity. Must be in Mm^3.

surface_area

numerical. The reservoir surface area at full capacity. Must be in square kilometers (km^2), or Mm^2.

evap

vector or time series object of length Q, or a numerical constant, representing evaporation loss potential from reservoir surface. Varies with level if depth and surface_area parameters are specified. Must be in meters, or kg/m2 * 10 ^ -3.

installed_cap

numerical. The hydropower plant electric capacity (MW).

head

numerical. The maximum hydraulic head of the hydropower plant (m). Can be omitted and estimated if qmax is supplied.

qmax

numerical. The maximum flow into the hydropower plant. Can be omitted and estimated if head is supplied. Must be in volumetric units of Mm^3.

max_depth

numerical. The maximum water depth of the reservoir at maximum capacity. If omitted, the depth-storage-area relationship will be estimated from surface area and capacity only. Recommended units: meters.

efficiency

numerical. The hydropower plant efficiency. Default is 0.9, but, unless user specifies an efficiency, it will be automatically re-estimated if head and qmax are supplied.

S_disc

integer. Storage discretization–the number of equally-sized storage states. Default = 1000.

R_disc

integer. Release discretization. Default = 10 divisions.

S_initial

numeric. The initial storage as a ratio of capacity (0 <= S_initial <= 1). The default value is 1.

plot

logical. If TRUE (the default) the storage behavior diagram and release time series are plotted.

Value

Returns the time series of optimal releases and simulated storage, evaporation, depth, uncontrolled spill, and power generated. Total energy generated is also returned.

See Also

sdp_hydro for Stochastic Dynamic Programming for hydropower reservoirs.

Examples

layout(1:4)
dp_hydro(resX$Q_Mm3, resX$cap_Mm3, surface_area = resX$A_km2,
installed_cap = resX$Inst_cap_MW, qmax = mean(resX$Q_Mm3), S_disc = 100)