step_window {recipes}

Moving window functions

Description

step_window() creates a specification of a recipe step that will create new columns that are the results of functions that compute statistics across moving windows.

Usage

step_window(
  recipe,
  ...,
  role = NA,
  trained = FALSE,
  size = 3,
  na_rm = TRUE,
  statistic = "mean",
  columns = NULL,
  names = NULL,
  keep_original_cols = TRUE,
  skip = FALSE,
  id = rand_id("window")
)

Arguments

recipe

A recipe object. The step will be added to the sequence of operations for this recipe.

...

One or more selector functions to choose variables for this step. See selections() for more details.

role

For model terms created by this step, what analysis role should they be assigned? If names is left to be NULL, the rolling statistics replace the original columns and the roles are left unchanged. If names is set, those new columns will have a role of NULL unless this argument has a value.

trained

A logical to indicate if the quantities for preprocessing have been estimated.

size

An odd integer ⁠>= 3⁠ for the window size.

na_rm

A logical for whether missing values should be removed from the calculations within each window.

statistic

A character string for the type of statistic that should be calculated for each moving window. Possible values are: 'max', 'mean', 'median', 'min', 'prod', 'sd', 'sum', 'var'

columns

A character string of the selected variable names. This field is a placeholder and will be populated once prep() is used.

names

An optional character string that is the same length of the number of terms selected by terms. If you are not sure what columns will be selected, use the summary function (see the example below). These will be the names of the new columns created by the step.

keep_original_cols

A logical to keep the original variables in the output. Defaults to TRUE.

skip

A logical. Should the step be skipped when the recipe is baked by bake()? While all operations are baked when prep() is run, some operations may not be able to be conducted on new data (e.g. processing the outcome variable(s)). Care should be taken when using skip = TRUE as it may affect the computations for subsequent operations.

id

A character string that is unique to this step to identify it.

Details

The calculations use a somewhat atypical method for handling the beginning and end parts of the rolling statistics. The process starts with the center justified window calculations and the beginning and ending parts of the rolling values are determined using the first and last rolling values, respectively. For example, if a column x with 12 values is smoothed with a 5-point moving median, the first three smoothed values are estimated by median(x[1:5]) and the fourth uses median(x[2:6]).

keep_original_cols also applies to this step if names is specified.

step will stop with a note about installing the package.

Value

An updated version of recipe with the new step added to the sequence of any existing operations.

Tidying

When you tidy() this step, a tibble is returned with columns terms, statistic, size , and id:

terms

character, the selectors or variables selected

statistic

character, the summary function name

size

integer, window size

id

character, id of this step

Tuning Parameters

This step has 2 tuning parameters:

• statistic: Rolling Summary Statistic (type: character, default: mean)

• size: Window Size (type: integer, default: 3)

Case weights

The underlying operation does not allow for case weights.

Examples

library(recipes)
library(dplyr)
library(rlang)
library(ggplot2, quietly = TRUE)

set.seed(5522)
sim_dat <- data.frame(x1 = (20:100) / 10)
n <- nrow(sim_dat)
sim_dat$y1 <- sin(sim_dat$x1) + rnorm(n, sd = 0.1)
sim_dat$y2 <- cos(sim_dat$x1) + rnorm(n, sd = 0.1)
sim_dat$x2 <- runif(n)
sim_dat$x3 <- rnorm(n)

rec <- recipe(y1 + y2 ~ x1 + x2 + x3, data = sim_dat) %>%
  step_window(starts_with("y"),
    size = 7, statistic = "median",
    names = paste0("med_7pt_", 1:2),
    role = "outcome"
  ) %>%
  step_window(starts_with("y"),
    names = paste0("mean_3pt_", 1:2),
    role = "outcome"
  )
rec <- prep(rec, training = sim_dat)

smoothed_dat <- bake(rec, sim_dat)

ggplot(data = sim_dat, aes(x = x1, y = y1)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line(data = smoothed_dat, aes(y = med_7pt_1)) +
  geom_line(data = smoothed_dat, aes(y = mean_3pt_1), col = "red") +
  theme_bw()

tidy(rec, number = 1)
tidy(rec, number = 2)

# If you want to replace the selected variables with the rolling statistic
# don't set `names`
sim_dat$original <- sim_dat$y1
rec <- recipe(y1 + y2 + original ~ x1 + x2 + x3, data = sim_dat) %>%
  step_window(starts_with("y"))
rec <- prep(rec, training = sim_dat)
smoothed_dat <- bake(rec, sim_dat)
ggplot(smoothed_dat, aes(x = original, y = y1)) +
  geom_point() +
  theme_bw()