causal_m_bias {quartets}

M-Bias Data

Description

This dataset contains 100 observations, generated under the following mechanism: U1 ~ N(0, 1) U2 ~ N(0, 1) Z ~ 8 U1 + U2 + N(0, 1) (measured factor) X ~ U1 + N(0, 1) (exposure) Y ~ X + U2 + N(0, 1) (outcome)

Usage

causal_m_bias

Format

A dataframe with 100 rows and 5 variables:

• u1: an unknown factor

• u2: an unknown factor

• covariate: a known factor

• exposure: exposure

• outcome: outcome

References

D'Agostino McGowan L, Barrett M (2023). Causal inference is not a statistical problem. Preprint arXiv:2304.02683v1.