factorMap {qlcVisualize}

Visualising nominal data with various factors.

Description

A factor map ("fmap") is a counterpart of the base function image. In contrast to an image, a factor map can be used for nominal data with various levels (instead of continuous numerical data). A matrix (or a dataframe coerced as matrix) is visualised by showing the most frequent contents of the cells by colouring. There are various methods for ordering of rows and columns provided, alike to a heatmap).

Usage

factorMap(x, order = NULL, col = rainbow(4), show.remaining = FALSE,
  col.remaining = "grey", pch.na = 20, col.na = "lightgrey", legend = length(col),
  labels.x = rownames(x), labels.y = colnames(x), cex.axis = 1, cex.legend = 1,
  cex.remaining = 1, font = "", asp = nrow(x)/ncol(x), method = "hamming",
  control = NULL, plot = TRUE)

Arguments

x

A matrix or dataframe with the data to be displayed. Rows are shown on the x-axis, columns on the y-axis, showing the row- and column-names in the display. All data in the whole matrix is interpreted as one large factor with different levels.

order

How should rows and columns be ordered? By default the order of the data matrix x is used. Many possible algorithmic orderings are available, see Details. custom orderings should simply be applied to the x matrix beforehand, then without invoking this order argument.

col

Colors to be used for the display. By default, the colours specified here are used in order of frequency of the phenomena in the data (i.e. order(table(x), decreasing = TRUE). A named vector of colors (or a named list) are applied to the levels as named. All other levels are shown as 'others'. Optionally use show.remaining to show labels for these others in the visualisation.

show.remaining

Logical: should all levels without color be shown inside the boxes as text?

col.remaining

Which color should the text of the uncolored levels have?

pch.na

Symbol to be used for NA elements. Use NULL for no symbol, but complete coloring of the boxes.

col.na

Color to be used for NA elements.

legend

How many levels should be shown in the legend (in the order of frequency? Alternatively, provide a vector with names of the levels to be shown. Use NULL to supress the legend.

labels.x

Labels to be used on the x-axis. Defaults to rownames of the data. Use NULL to supress labels.

labels.y

Labels to be used on the y-axis. Defaults to colnames of the data. Use NULL to supress labels.

cex.axis

Size of the row and columns names of x, shown as axis labels.

cex.legend

Size of the legend text.

cex.remaining

Size of the text in the boxes. Only shown when show.remaining = TRUE.

font

Font to be used in the plotting, can be necessary for unusual unicode symbols. Passed internally to par(family).

asp

Aspect-ratio of the plotting of the boxes. By default the complete plot will be approximatly square. Use the value 1 for all square boxes. Manually resizing the boxes by changing the plotting window can be acheived by setting asp = NA.

method

Method used to determine similarity, passed to sim.obs, which is used internally to determine the order of rows and columns, using the method chosen in order.

control

List of options passed to seriate.

plot

By default, a plot is returned. When FALSE, nothing is plotted, but the re-ordering is returned.

Details

There are many different orderings implemented: "pca" and "varimax" use the second dimension of prcomp and varimax respectively. "eig" will use the first eigenvector as computed by eigs. This is really quick for large datasets. "mds" will use the first dimension of cmdscale.

Further, all methods as provided in the function seriate can be called. Specifcally, "R2E" and "MDS_angle" seem worthwhile to try out. Any paramters for these methods can be passed using the option control.

Value

A plot is returned by default. When plot = FALSE, a list is returned with the reordering of the rows and the columns.

Note

Note that it is slightly confusing that the resulting image is a transposed version of the data matrix (rows of the matrix are shown as horizontal lines in the graphic, and they are shown from bottom to top). This is standard practice though, also used in image and heatmap, so it is continued here.

Author(s)

Michael Cysouw <[e-mail]>

See Also

image in base and pimage in the package seriation.

Examples

# a simple data matrix
x <- matrix(letters[1:5],3,5)
x[2,3] <- x[1,4] <- NA
rownames(x) <- c("one", "two", "three")
colnames(x) <- 1:5
x

# some basic factor maps
factorMap(x, asp = 1)
factorMap(x, col = heat.colors(5), asp = NA)
factorMap(x, col = list(b = "red", e = "blue"), show.remaining = TRUE)

## Not run: 
# more interesting example, different "f" sounds in german dialects
# note that fonts might be problematic on some platforms
# plotting window should be made really large as well
data(dialects)
factorMap(dialects$data, col = rainbow(8), order = "R2E"
    , cex.axis = 0.3, cex.legend = 0.7
    , show.remaining = TRUE, cex.remaining = 0.2)

# get reordering of rows
# to identify the group of words with "p-f" correspondences
factorMap(dialects$data, order = "R2E", plot = FALSE)

## End(Not run)