lambda {popbio}

Population growth rate

Description

Calculates the population growth rate of a projection matrix

Usage

lambda(A)

Arguments

A

A projection matrix

Details

see section 4.4 in Caswell (2001)

Value

The dominant eigenvalue

Note

The built-in eigen function returns eigenvalues in descreasing order of magnitude or modulus. The dominant eigenvalue of imprimitive matrices with d eigenvalues of equal modulus is the one with the largest real part (which.max(Re(eigen(A)$values))).

Author(s)

Chris Stubben

References

Caswell, H. 2001. Matrix population models: construction, analysis, and interpretation, Second edition. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

See Also

eigen and pop.projection

Examples

A <- matrix(c(0,0,2,.3,0,0,0,.6,0), nrow=3,byrow=TRUE)
lambda(A)
Re(eigen(A)$values)
sapply(hudsonia, lambda)