add_fpsim {peacesciencer}R Documentation

Add dyadic foreign policy similarity measures to your data

Description

add_fpsim() allows you to add a variety of dyadic foreign policy similarity measures to your (dyad-year, leader-dyad-year) data frame

Usage

add_fpsim(data, keep)

Arguments

data

a data frame with appropriate peacesciencer attributes

keep

an optional parameter, specified as a character vector, about what dyadic foreign policy similarity measure(s) the user wants returned from this function. If keep is not specified, the function returns all 14 dyadic foreign policy similarity measures calculated by Haege (2011). Otherwise, the function subsets the underlying data to just what the user wants and merges in that.

Details

For the dyad-year (and leader-dyad-year) data, there must be some kind of information loss in order to reduce the disk space data like these command. In this case, all calculations are rounded to three decimal spots. I do not think this to be terribly problematic, though I admit I do not like it. If this is a problem for your research question (though I can't imagine it would be), you may want to consider not using this function for dyad-year or leader-dyad-year data.

Be mindful that the data are fundamentally dyad-year and that extensions to leader-level data should be understood as approximations for leaders-dyads in a given dyad-year.

The data this function uses are directed dyad-year and the merge is a left-join, making this function agnostic about whether your dyad-year (or leader-dyad-year) data are directed or non-directed.

Haege's (2011) article reads at first glance as agnostic about which of these particular measures you should consider a "preferred" or "default" measure of dyadic foreign policy similarity. Indeed, the 2011 publication in Political Analysis mostly drives the point home that S has important limitations and the multiple variants Haege calculates are not substitutable. This means a user interested in measuring dyadic foreign policy similarity might have to cycle through all of them to assess their varying effects whereas a user interested in this as just a control variable for the model can (probably) get by with picking just one and not belaboring the measure any further.

Suggested Defaults

An evaluation of the data, the article, and an email exchange with the author leads to the following points the user should consider. What follows is a rationale for why users should think of kappa as a default measure for dyadic foreign policy similarity, though why the "valued" equivalent for the alliance data is an inadvisable default. The example at the end of the document offers the operational "nudge" for what the user should want from this function.

Value

add_fpsim() takes a (dyad-year, leader-dyad-year) data frame and adds information about the dyadic foreign policy similarity, based on several measures calculated and offered by Frank Haege.

Author(s)

Steven V. Miller

References

The Main Source of the Data

For any use of these data whatsoever (except for Tau-b), please cite Haege (2011). Data are version 2.0.

Tau-b is calculated by me and not Haege, and no additional citation (beyond citing the package) is necessary.

Citations for the Particular Similarity Measure You Choose

Additional citations depend on what particular measure of similarity you're using, whether Kendall's (1938) Tau-b, Signorino and Ritter's (1999) S, Cohen's (1960) kappa and Scott's (1955) pi. Haege (2011) is part of a chorus arguing against the use of S, though S measures are included in these data if you elect to ignore the chorus and use this measure. Likewise, Tau-b is in here, though it is not a good measure of dyadic foreign policy similarity for reasons that Signorino and Ritter (1999) mention. Haege (2011) argues for a chance-corrected measure of dyadic foreign policy similarity, either Cohen's (1960) kappa or Scott's (1955) pi.

Citations for the Underlying Data Informing the Similarity Measure

Haege (2011) also suggests you cite the underlying data informing the similarity measure, whether it is UN voting or alliances. In his case, he recommended a Voeten citation from 2013 and the alliance data proper. In the case of the alliances, I know Gibler's (2009) book is recommended even if the alliance data have since been updated (and reflected in this measure). In the UN voting data, my understanding is the 2017 paper in Journal of Conflict Resolution is also the preferred citation.

Examples

## Not run: 
# just call `library(tidyverse)` at the top of the your script.
library(magrittr)
# The function below works, but depends on
# running `download_extdata()` beforehand.
cow_ddy %>% add_fpsim()

# Select just the two kappa measures that are suggested defaults.
# `kappaba`: kappa for binary alliance data if you have pre-WWII data.
# `kappavv`: kappa for UN voting data if you just post-WWII data.
cow_ddy %>% add_fpsim(keep=c("kappaba", "kappavv"))


## End(Not run)

[Package peacesciencer version 1.1.0 Index]