find.lineages {paleobuddy}

Separate a paleobuddy simulation into monophyletic clades

Description

Separates a sim object into sim objects each with a mother species and its descendants. If argument S is not used, it returns by default the list of sim objects descended from each species with an NA parent in the original input (meaning species alive at the beginning of the simulation). If a vector of numbers is supplied for S, the list of sim objects return will instead be descended from each species in S. Returns for each clade a vector with the original identity of member species as well.

Usage

find.lineages(sim, S = NULL)

Arguments

sim

A sim object, containing extinction times, speciation times, parent, and status information for each species in the simulation. See ?sim.

S

A vector of species in sim. If not supplied, S will be the starting species in the simulation, i.e. those for which the parent is NA. If only one species has NA as parent, there is only one clade in the sim object, and therefore the function will return the input.

Value

A list object with (named) sim objects corresponding to the clades descended from species in S. For each clade, an extra vector LIN is included so the user can identify the order of species in the returned sim objects with the order of species in the original simulation.

Author(s)

Bruno do Rosario Petrucci and Matheus Januario.

Examples

###
# first, we run a simple simulation with one starting species

# set seed
set.seed(1)

# run simulation with a minimum of 20 species
sim <- bd.sim(n0 = 3, lambda = 0.1, mu = 0.1, tMax = 10, 
              nFinal = c(20, Inf))

# get a simulation object with the clade originating from species 2
clades <- find.lineages(sim, S = 2)

# now we can check to make sure the subclade was correctly separated

# change NA to 0 on the clade's TE
clades[[1]]$sim$TE[clades[[1]]$sim$EXTANT] <- 0

# plot the phylogeny
if (requireNamespace("ape", quietly = TRUE)) {
  plot <- ape::plot.phylo(
    make.phylo(clades[[1]]$sim),
    main = "red: extinction events \n blue: speciation events");
  ape::axisPhylo()
}

# check speciation times
for (j in 2:length(clades[[1]]$sim$TS)) {
  # the subtraction is just to adjust the wt with the plot scale
  lines(x = c(
    sort(clades[[1]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] -
       clades[[1]]$sim$TS[j],
    sort(clades[[1]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] -
       clades[[1]]$sim$TS[j]),
    y = c(plot$y.lim[1], plot$y.lim[2]), lwd = 2, col = "blue")
}

# check extinction times:
for (j in 1:length(sim$TE)) {
  # the subtraction is just to adjust the wt with the plot scale
  lines(x = c(
    sort(clades[[1]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] -
       clades[[1]]$sim$TE[j],
    sort(clades[[1]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] -
       clades[[1]]$sim$TE[j]),
    y = c(plot$y.lim[1], plot$y.lim[2]), lwd = 2, col = "red")
}

###
# now we try a simulation with 3 clades

# set seed
set.seed(4)

# run simulation
sim <- bd.sim(n0 = 3, lambda = 0.1, mu = 0.1, tMax = 10, 
              nFinal = c(20, Inf))

# get subclades descended from original species
clades <- find.lineages(sim)

# get current par options so we can reset later
oldPar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)

# set up for plotting side by side
par(mfrow = c(1, length(clades)))

# for each clade
for (i in 1:length(clades)) {
  # change NA to 0 on the clade's TE
  clades[[i]]$sim$TE[clades[[i]]$sim$EXTANT] <- 0
  
  # if there is only one lineage in the clade, nothing happens
  if (length(clades[[i]]$sim$TE) < 2) {
    # placeholder plot
    plot(NA, xlim = c(-1, 1), ylim = c(-1, 1))
    text("simulation with \n just one lineage", x = 0, y = 0.5, cex = 2)
  }
  
  # else, plot phylogeny
  else {
    if (requireNamespace("ape", quietly = TRUE)) {
      plot <- ape::plot.phylo(
        make.phylo(clades[[i]]$sim),
        main = "red: extinction events \n blue: speciation events");
      ape::axisPhylo()
    }
    
    # check speciation times
    for (j in 2:length(clades[[i]]$sim$TS)) {
      # the subtraction is just to adjust the wt with the plot scale
      lines(x = c(
        sort(clades[[i]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] - 
           clades[[i]]$sim$TS[j],
        sort(clades[[i]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] - 
           clades[[i]]$sim$TS[j]),
        y = c(plot$y.lim[1], plot$y.lim[2]), lwd = 2, col = "blue")
    }
    
    # check extinction times:
    for (j in 1:length(sim$TE)) {
      # the subtraction is just to adjust the wt with the plot scale
      lines(x = c(
        sort(clades[[i]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] - 
           clades[[i]]$sim$TE[j],
        sort(clades[[i]]$sim$TS, decreasing = TRUE)[2] - 
           clades[[i]]$sim$TE[j]),
        y = c(plot$y.lim[1], plot$y.lim[2]), lwd = 2, col = "red")
    }
  }
}

# reset par
par(oldPar)

###
# we can also have an example with more non-starting species in S

# set seed
set.seed(3)

# run simulation
sim <- bd.sim(n0 = 1, lambda = 0.1, mu = 0.1, tMax = 10, 
              nFinal = c(10, Inf))
              
# get current par options so we can reset later
oldPar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)

# set up for plotting side by side
par(mfrow = c(1, 2))

if (requireNamespace("ape", quietly = TRUE)) {
  
  # first we plot the clade started by 1
  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(sim), main = "original")
  ape::axisPhylo()
  
  # this should look the same
  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(find.lineages(sim)[[1]]$sim), 
                  main="after find.lineages()")
  ape::axisPhylo()
  
  # get sublcades descended from the second and third species
  clades <- find.lineages(sim, c(2,3))
  
  # and these should be part of the previous phylogenies
  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(clades$clade_2$sim),
                  main = "Daughters of sp 2")
  ape::axisPhylo()
  
  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(clades$clade_3$sim),
                  main = "Daughters of sp 3")
  ape::axisPhylo()
}

# reset par
par(oldPar)

###
# if there is only one clade and we use the default for 
# S, we get back the original simulation object

# set seed
set.seed(1)

# run simulation
sim <- bd.sim(n0 = 1, lambda = 0.1, mu = 0.08, tMax = 10, 
              nFinal = c(5, Inf))
              
# get current par options so we can reset later
oldPar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
              
# set up for plotting side by side
par(mfrow = c(1, 2))

# plotting sim and find.lineages(sim) - should be equal
if (requireNamespace("ape", quietly = TRUE)) {

  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(sim), main="original")
  ape::axisPhylo()
  ape::plot.phylo(make.phylo(find.lineages(sim)[[1]]$sim), 
                  main="after find.lineages()")
  ape::axisPhylo()
}

# reset par
par(oldPar)