species {palaeoSig}

Generates species response parameters for n dimensions

Description

Generates species response parameters to n environmental variables following Minchin (1987).

Usage

species(nspp = 30, Amax, fun, xpar, srange, alpha = 4, 
        gamma= 4, ndim, sdistr, ocor, odistr)

Arguments

nspp

Number of species to be generated.

Amax

Maximum abundance of a species. 'Amax' currently allows three options: i) a function how to generate maximum abundances (e.g. 'runif', 'rgamma') ii) a vector of length 'nspp' iii) a single number that is used as maximum abundance for all the species.

fun

Function to generate species optima (e.g. 'rnorm', 'runif'). The two parameters in 'xpar' are passed to function 'fun'. If omitted species optima are generated at regular intervals between the two values in 'xpar'.

xpar

Two numbers describing a distribution e.g mu and sigma for a normal distribution, lower and upper bound for a random uniform distribution.

srange

Length of the ecological gradient to which individual species respond. Either one number or a matrix with 'nspp' rows and 'ndim' columns. If 'srange' should be different for different environmental variables a simpler solution is to change argument elen in make.env accordingly. E.g. 'elen = c(100,50,50)' when using three environmental gradients.

alpha

Shape parameter of the beta distribution. One number or a matrix with 'nspp' rows and 'ndim' columns.

gamma

Shape parameter of the beta distribution. One number or a matrix with 'nspp' rows and 'ndim' columns.

ndim

Number of environmental variables to which generated species should respond.

sdistr

Users may supply own distributions of species optima. Matrix with 'nspp' rows and 'ndim' columns (as well in the special case of 'ndim = 1').

ocor

Correlation matrix of the species optima. May be generated by code cor.mat.fun.

odistr

Distribution of the correlated optima either 'uniform' or 'Gaussian'

Details

Details on the exact generation of species response functions from parameters 'Amax', 'm', 'r', 'gamma' and 'alpha' are given in Minchin (1987). Species response curves are determined by five parameters: a parameter determining the maximum abundance ('Amax') and one describing the location ('m') of this mode. A parameter determining to which environmental range the species respond ('srange' in the input 'r' in the output) and two parameters ('alpha', 'gamma') describing the shape of the species response function. If 'alpha' = 'gamma' the response curve is symmetric ('alpha' = 'gamma' = 4, yields Gaussian distributions). Additionally, species optima for several environmental variables may be correlated. Currently this is only possible for gaussian or uniform distributions of species optima. Users may as well supply previously generated optima (e.g. optima similar to a real dataset).

Value

List with 'ndim' elements. Each list contains the species response parameters to one environmental gradient.

Author(s)

Mathias Trachsel and Richard J. Telford

References

Minchin, P.R. (1987) Multidimensional Community Patterns: Towards a Comprehensive Model. Vegetatio, 71, 145-156.

Examples

spec.par <- species(nspp = 30, Amax = runif, srange = 200, fun = runif, xpar = c(-50, 150),  
ndim = 5, alpha = 4, gamma = 4)
spec.par <- species(nspp = 30, ndim = 3, Amax = runif, xpar = c(-50, 150), 
srange = 200, alpha = 4, gamma = 4) 

# example where srange, alpha and gamma are different for each species and environmental gradient. 
spec.par <- species(nspp = 30, ndim = 3, Amax = runif, xpar = c(-50, 150), 
srange = matrix(ncol = 3, runif(90, 100, 200)), alpha = matrix(ncol = 3, runif(90, 1, 5)), 
gamma = matrix(ncol = 3, runif(90, 1, 5)))

# example where species optima are correlated
correlations <- list(c(1, 2, 0.5), c(1, 3, 0.3), c(2, 3, 0.1))
spec.cor.mat <- cor.mat.fun(3, correlations)
spec.par <- species(nspp = 30, ndim = 3, Amax = runif, xpar = c(50, 50), srange = 200, 
alpha = 4, gamma = 4,ocor = spec.cor.mat, odistr = 'Gaussian')           

# example for species response curves (users should alter alpha and gamma)
spec.par <- species(nspp = 1, Amax = 200, srange = 200, fun = runif, xpar = c(50, 50),  
    ndim = 1, alpha = 3, gamma = 1)
env <- -50:150
response <- palaeoSig:::make.abundances(env = -50:150, param = spec.par[[1]]$spp)
plot(env, response, type='l')