R: Local Exposure and Isolation metric based on Bemanian & Beyer...

bemanian_beyer {ndi}

R Documentation

Local Exposure and Isolation metric based on Bemanian & Beyer (2017)

Description

Compute the aspatial Local Exposure and Isolation (Bemanian & Beyer) metric of a selected racial/ethnic subgroup(s) and U.S. geographies.

Usage

bemanian_beyer(
  geo_large = "county",
  geo_small = "tract",
  year = 2020,
  subgroup,
  subgroup_ixn,
  omit_NAs = TRUE,
  quiet = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

`geo_large`	Character string specifying the larger geographical unit of the data. The default is counties `geo_large = "county"`.
`geo_small`	Character string specifying the smaller geographical unit of the data. The default is census tracts `geo_large = "tract"`.
`year`	Numeric. The year to compute the estimate. The default is 2020, and the years 2009 onward are currently available.
`subgroup`	Character string specifying the racial/ethnic subgroup(s). See Details for available choices.
`subgroup_ixn`	Character string specifying the racial/ethnic subgroup(s) as the interaction population. If the same as `subgroup`, will compute the simple isolation of the group. See Details for available choices.
`omit_NAs`	Logical. If FALSE, will compute index for a larger geographical unit only if all of its smaller geographical units have values. The default is TRUE.
`quiet`	Logical. If TRUE, will display messages about potential missing census information. The default is FALSE.
`...`	Arguments passed to `get_acs` to select state, county, and other arguments for census characteristics

Details

This function will compute the aspatial Local Exposure and Isolation (LEx/Is) metric of selected racial/ethnic subgroups and U.S. geographies for a specified geographical extent (e.g., the entire U.S. or a single state) based on Bemanian & Beyer (2017) doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0926. This function provides the computation of LEx/Is for any of the U.S. Census Bureau race/ethnicity subgroups (including Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals).

The function uses the get_acs function to obtain U.S. Census Bureau 5-year American Community Survey characteristics used for the aspatial computation. The yearly estimates are available for 2009 onward when ACS-5 data are available but are available from other U.S. Census Bureau surveys. The twenty racial/ethnic subgroups (U.S. Census Bureau definitions) are:

B03002_002: not Hispanic or Latino "NHoL"
B03002_003: not Hispanic or Latino, white alone "NHoLW"
B03002_004: not Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "NHoLB"
B03002_005: not Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "NHoLAIAN"
B03002_006: not Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "NHoLA"
B03002_007: not Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "NHoLNHOPI"
B03002_008: not Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "NHoLSOR"
B03002_009: not Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "NHoLTOMR"
B03002_010: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "NHoLTRiSOR"
B03002_011: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "NHoLTReSOR"
B03002_012: Hispanic or Latino "HoL"
B03002_013: Hispanic or Latino, white alone "HoLW"
B03002_014: Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "HoLB"
B03002_015: Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "HoLAIAN"
B03002_016: Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "HoLA"
B03002_017: Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "HoLNHOPI"
B03002_018: Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "HoLSOR"
B03002_019: Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "HoLTOMR"
B03002_020: Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "HoLTRiSOR"
B03002_021: Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "HoLTReSOR"

Use the internal state and county arguments within the get_acs function to specify geographic extent of the data output.

LEx/Is is a measure of the probability that two individuals living within a specific smaller geography (e.g., census tract) of either different (i.e., exposure) or the same (i.e., isolation) racial/ethnic subgroup(s) will interact, assuming that individuals within a smaller geography are randomly mixed. LEx/Is is standardized with a logit transformation and centered against an expected case that all races/ethnicities are evenly distributed across a larger geography. (Note: will adjust data by 0.025 if probabilities are zero, one, or undefined. The output will include a warning if adjusted. See logit for additional details.)

LEx/Is can range from negative infinity to infinity. If LEx/Is is zero then the estimated probability of the interaction between two people of the given subgroup(s) within a smaller geography is equal to the expected probability if the subgroup(s) were perfectly mixed in the larger geography. If LEx/Is is greater than zero then the interaction is more likely to occur within the smaller geography than in the larger geography, and if LEx/Is is less than zero then the interaction is less likely to occur within the smaller geography than in the larger geography. Note: the exponentiation of each LEx/Is metric results in the odds ratio of the specific exposure or isolation of interest in a smaller geography relative to the larger geography.

Larger geographies available include state geo_large = "state", county geo_large = "county", and census tract geo_large = "tract" levels. Smaller geographies available include, county geo_small = "county", census tract geo_small = "tract", and census block group geo_small = "block group" levels. If a larger geographical area is comprised of only one smaller geographical area (e.g., a U.S county contains only one census tract), then the LEx/Is value returned is NA.

Value

An object of class 'list'. This is a named list with the following components:

lexis: An object of class 'tbl' for the GEOID, name, and LEx/Is at specified smaller census geographies.
lexis_data: An object of class 'tbl' for the raw census values at specified smaller census geographies.
missing: An object of class 'tbl' of the count and proportion of missingness for each census variable used to compute LEx/Is.

Examples

## Not run: 
# Wrapped in \dontrun{} because these examples require a Census API key.
  
  # Isolation of non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic white populations
  ## of census tracts within Georgia, U.S.A., counties (2020)
  bemanian_beyer(geo_large = "county", geo_small = "tract", state = "GA",
                 year = 2020, subgroup = "NHoLB", subgroup_ixn = "NHoLW")
  

## End(Not run)

[Package ndi version 0.1.5 Index]