bell {ndi}

Isolation Index based on Shevky & Williams (1949) and Bell (1954)

Description

Compute the aspatial Isolation Index (Bell) of a selected racial/ethnic subgroup(s) and U.S. geographies.

Usage

bell(
  geo_large = "county",
  geo_small = "tract",
  year = 2020,
  subgroup,
  subgroup_ixn,
  omit_NAs = TRUE,
  quiet = FALSE,
  ...
)

Arguments

geo_large

Character string specifying the larger geographical unit of the data. The default is counties geo_large = "county".

geo_small

Character string specifying the smaller geographical unit of the data. The default is census tracts geo_large = "tract".

year

Numeric. The year to compute the estimate. The default is 2020, and the years 2009 onward are currently available.

subgroup

Character string specifying the racial/ethnic subgroup(s). See Details for available choices.

subgroup_ixn

Character string specifying the racial/ethnic subgroup(s) as the interaction population. If the same as subgroup, will compute the simple isolation of the group. See Details for available choices.

omit_NAs

Logical. If FALSE, will compute index for a larger geographical unit only if all of its smaller geographical units have values. The default is TRUE.

quiet

Logical. If TRUE, will display messages about potential missing census information. The default is FALSE.

...

Arguments passed to get_acs to select state, county, and other arguments for census characteristics

Details

This function will compute the aspatial Isolation Index (II) of selected racial/ethnic subgroups and U.S. geographies for a specified geographical extent (e.g., the entire U.S. or a single state) based on Shevky & Williams (1949; ISBN-13:978-0-837-15637-8) and Bell (1954) doi:10.2307/2574118. This function provides the computation of II for any of the U.S. Census Bureau race/ethnicity subgroups (including Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals).

The function uses the get_acs function to obtain U.S. Census Bureau 5-year American Community Survey characteristics used for the aspatial computation. The yearly estimates are available for 2009 onward when ACS-5 data are available but are available from other U.S. Census Bureau surveys. The twenty racial/ethnic subgroups (U.S. Census Bureau definitions) are:

• B03002_002: not Hispanic or Latino "NHoL"

• B03002_003: not Hispanic or Latino, white alone "NHoLW"

• B03002_004: not Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "NHoLB"

• B03002_005: not Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "NHoLAIAN"

• B03002_006: not Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "NHoLA"

• B03002_007: not Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "NHoLNHOPI"

• B03002_008: not Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "NHoLSOR"

• B03002_009: not Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "NHoLTOMR"

• B03002_010: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "NHoLTRiSOR"

• B03002_011: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "NHoLTReSOR"

• B03002_012: Hispanic or Latino "HoL"

• B03002_013: Hispanic or Latino, white alone "HoLW"

• B03002_014: Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "HoLB"

• B03002_015: Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "HoLAIAN"

• B03002_016: Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "HoLA"

• B03002_017: Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "HoLNHOPI"

• B03002_018: Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "HoLSOR"

• B03002_019: Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "HoLTOMR"

• B03002_020: Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "HoLTRiSOR"

• B03002_021: Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "HoLTReSOR"

Use the internal state and county arguments within the get_acs function to specify geographic extent of the data output.

II is some measure of the probability that a member of one subgroup(s) will meet or interact with a member of another subgroup(s) with higher values signifying higher probability of interaction (less isolation). II can range in value from 0 to 1.

Larger geographies available include state geo_large = "state", county geo_large = "county", and census tract geo_large = "tract" levels. Smaller geographies available include, county geo_small = "county", census tract geo_small = "tract", and census block group geo_small = "block group" levels. If a larger geographical area is comprised of only one smaller geographical area (e.g., a U.S county contains only one census tract), then the II value returned is NA.

Value

An object of class 'list'. This is a named list with the following components:

ii

An object of class 'tbl' for the GEOID, name, and II at specified larger census geographies.

ii_data

An object of class 'tbl' for the raw census values at specified smaller census geographies.

missing

An object of class 'tbl' of the count and proportion of missingness for each census variable used to compute II.

See Also

get_acs for additional arguments for geographic extent selection (i.e., state and county).

Examples

## Not run: 
# Wrapped in \dontrun{} because these examples require a Census API key.
  
  # Isolation of non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic white populations
  ## of census tracts within Georgia, U.S.A., counties (2020)
  bell(geo_large = "county", geo_small = "tract", state = "GA",
       year = 2020, subgroup = "NHoLB", subgroup_ixn = "NHoLW")
  

## End(Not run)