anthopolos {ndi}

Racial Isolation Index based on Anthopolos et al. (2011)

Description

Compute the spatial Racial Isolation Index (Anthopolos) of selected subgroup(s).

Usage

anthopolos(geo = "tract", year = 2020, subgroup, quiet = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

geo

Character string specifying the geography of the data either census tracts geo = "tract" (the default) or counties geo = "county".

year

Numeric. The year to compute the estimate. The default is 2020, and the years 2009 onward are currently available.

subgroup

Character string specifying the racial/ethnic subgroup(s). See Details for available choices.

quiet

Logical. If TRUE, will display messages about potential missing census information. The default is FALSE.

...

Arguments passed to get_acs to select state, county, and other arguments for census characteristics

Details

This function will compute the spatial Racial Isolation Index (RI) of U.S. census tracts or counties for a specified geographical extent (e.g., the entire U.S. or a single state) based on Anthopolos et al. (2011) doi:10.1016/j.sste.2011.06.002 who originally designed the metric for the racial isolation of non-Hispanic Black individuals. This function provides the computation of RI for any of the U.S. Census Bureau race/ethnicity subgroups (including Hispanic and non-Hispanic individuals).

The function uses the get_acs function to obtain U.S. Census Bureau 5-year American Community Survey characteristics used for the geospatial computation. The yearly estimates are available for 2009 onward when ACS-5 data are available but are available from other U.S. Census Bureau surveys. The twenty racial/ethnic subgroups (U.S. Census Bureau definitions) are:

• B03002_002: not Hispanic or Latino "NHoL"

• B03002_003: not Hispanic or Latino, white alone"NHoLW"

• B03002_004: not Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "NHoLB"

• B03002_005: not Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "NHoLAIAN"

• B03002_006: not Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "NHoLA"

• B03002_007: not Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "NHoLNHOPI"

• B03002_008: not Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "NHoLSOR"

• B03002_009: not Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "NHoLTOMR"

• B03002_010: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "NHoLTRiSOR"

• B03002_011: not Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "NHoLTReSOR"

• B03002_012: Hispanic or Latino "HoL"

• B03002_013: Hispanic or Latino, white alone "HoLW"

• B03002_014: Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone "HoLB"

• B03002_015: Hispanic or Latino, American Indian and Alaska Native alone "HoLAIAN"

• B03002_016: Hispanic or Latino, Asian alone "HoLA"

• B03002_017: Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone "HoLNHOPI"

• B03002_018: Hispanic or Latino, Some other race alone "HoLSOR"

• B03002_019: Hispanic or Latino, Two or more races "HoLTOMR"

• B03002_020: Hispanic or Latino, Two races including Some other race "HoLTRiSOR"

• B03002_021: Hispanic or Latino, Two races excluding Some other race, and three or more races "HoLTReSOR"

Use the internal state and county arguments within the get_acs function to specify geographic extent of the data output. NOTE: Current version does not correct for edge effects (e.g., census geographies along the specified spatial extent border, coastline, or U.S.-Mexico / U.S.-Canada border) may have few neighboring census geographies, and RI values in these census geographies may be unstable. A stop-gap solution for the former source of edge effect is to compute the RI for neighboring census geographies (i.e., the states bordering a study area of interest) and then use the estimates of the study area of interest.

A census geography (and its neighbors) that has nearly all of its population who identify with the specified race/ethnicity subgroup(s) (e.g., non-Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone) will have an RI value close to 1. In contrast, a census geography (and its neighbors) that has nearly none of its population who identify with the specified race/ethnicity subgroup(s) (e.g., not non-Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American alone) will have an RI value close to 0.

Value

An object of class 'list'. This is a named list with the following components:

ri

An object of class 'tbl' for the GEOID, name, RI, and raw census values of specified census geographies.

missing

An object of class 'tbl' of the count and proportion of missingness for each census variable used to compute RI.

See Also

get_acs for additional arguments for geographic extent selection (i.e., state and county).

Examples

## Not run: 
# Wrapped in \dontrun{} because these examples require a Census API key.
  
  # Tract-level metric (2020)
  anthopolos(geo = "tract", state = "GA", 
             year = 2020, subgroup = c("NHoLB", "HoLB"))
  
  # County-level metric (2020)
  anthopolos(geo = "county", state = "GA", 
             year = 2020, subgroup = c("NHoLB", "HoLB"))
  

## End(Not run)