flux {mice}

Influx and outflux of multivariate missing data patterns

Description

Influx and outflux are statistics of the missing data pattern. These statistics are useful in selecting predictors that should go into the imputation model.

Usage

flux(data, local = names(data))

Arguments

data

A data frame or a matrix containing the incomplete data. Missing values are coded as NA's.

local

A vector of names of columns of data. The default is to include all columns in the calculations.

Details

Infux and outflux have been proposed by Van Buuren (2018), chapter 4.

Influx is equal to the number of variable pairs (Yj , Yk) with Yj missing and Yk observed, divided by the total number of observed data cells. Influx depends on the proportion of missing data of the variable. Influx of a completely observed variable is equal to 0, whereas for completely missing variables we have influx = 1. For two variables with the same proportion of missing data, the variable with higher influx is better connected to the observed data, and might thus be easier to impute.

Outflux is equal to the number of variable pairs with Yj observed and Yk missing, divided by the total number of incomplete data cells. Outflux is an indicator of the potential usefulness of Yj for imputing other variables. Outflux depends on the proportion of missing data of the variable. Outflux of a completely observed variable is equal to 1, whereas outflux of a completely missing variable is equal to 0. For two variables having the same proportion of missing data, the variable with higher outflux is better connected to the missing data, and thus potentially more useful for imputing other variables.

FICO is an outbound statistic defined by the fraction of incomplete cases among cases with Yj observed (White and Carlin, 2010).

Value

A data frame with ncol(data) rows and six columns: pobs = Proportion observed, influx = Influx outflux = Outflux ainb = Average inbound statistic aout = Average outbound statistic fico = Fraction of incomplete cases among cases with Yj observed

Author(s)

Stef van Buuren, 2012

References

Van Buuren, S. (2018). Flexible Imputation of Missing Data. Second Edition. Chapman & Hall/CRC. Boca Raton, FL.

White, I.R., Carlin, J.B. (2010). Bias and efficiency of multiple imputation compared with complete-case analysis for missing covariate values. Statistics in Medicine, 29, 2920-2931.

See Also

fluxplot, md.pattern, fico