L.matrix {matrixcalc}

Construct L Matrix

Description

This function returns a matrix with n * ( n + 1 ) / 2 rows and N * n columns which for any lower triangular matrix A transforms vec( A ) into vech(A)

Usage

L.matrix(n)

Arguments

n

a positive integer order for the associated matrix A

Details

The formula used to compute the L matrix which is also called the elimination matrix is {\bf{L}} = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {\sum\limits_{i = j}^n {{{\bf{u}}_{i,j}}{{\left( {vec\;{{\bf{E}}_{i,j}}} \right)}^\prime }} } {{{\bf{u}}_{i,j}}} are the n \times 1 vectors constructed by the function u.vectors. {{{\bf{E}}_{i,j}}} are the n \times n matrices constructed by the function E.matrices.

Value

An \left[ {\frac{1}{2}n\left( {n + 1} \right)} \right] \times {n^2} matrix.

Note

If the argument is not an integer, the function displays an error message and stops. If the argument is less than two, the function displays an error message and stops.

Author(s)

Frederick Novomestky [e-mail]

References

Magnus, J. R. and H. Neudecker (1980). The elimination matrix, some lemmas and applications, SIAM Journal on Algebraic Discrete Methods, 1(4), December 1980, 422-449.

Magnus, J. R. and H. Neudecker (1999) Matrix Differential Calculus with Applications in Statistics and Econometrics, Second Edition, John Wiley.

See Also

elimination.matrix, E.matrices, u.vectors,

Examples

L <- L.matrix( 4 )
A <- lower.triangle( matrix( seq( 1, 16, 1 ), nrow=4, byrow=TRUE ) )
vecA <- vec( A )
vechA <- vech( A )
y <- L %*% vecA
print( y )
print( vechA )