| gas_solubility {marelac} | R Documentation |
Solubility Parameters
Description
Solubility parameters SA, mmol m^{-3} bar^{-1},
calculated from the Bunsen solubility coefficients and the volumetric
solubility coefficients.
Usage
gas_solubility(S = 35, t = 25,
species = c("He", "Ne", "N2", "O2", "Ar", "Kr", "Rn", "CH4",
"CO2", "N2O", "CCl2F2", "CCl3F", "SF6", "CCl4"))
Arguments
S |
salinity, - |
t |
temperature, |
species |
The gas |
Value
The solubility, mmol/m3/bar.
Note
The molar volume used for the Bensen coefficient conversion is the ideal gas value of 22.4136 l/mol.
These coefficients are to be used with pAmoist, the partial pressure of the gas in moist air.
To convert them for use with partial pressure in dry air, divide by (1-vapor(S,t)).
Author(s)
Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>
References
Sarmiento JL and Gruber N, 2006. Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics. Princeton University Press, Princeton. p 85.
who cite:
for He and Ne: Weiss R, 1971. Solubility of helium and neon in water and seawater. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 16, 235-241.
N2, O2 and Ar: Weiss R, 1970. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. 17, 721-35.
Kr: Weiss R and Kyser TK, 1978. Silubility of Krypton in water and seawater. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 23, 69-72.
Rn: Hackbusch 1979. Eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Diffusions, Loeslichkeits un Permeabilitats Konstanten von Radon-222 in Wasser und Meereswasser. Dissertation, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
CH4: Wiesenburg DA and Guinasso JNL, 1979. Equilibrium solubilities of methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in water and sea water. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 256-360.
CO2 and N2O: Weiss R and Price BA, 1980. Nitrous oxide solubility in wate and sewater. Mar. Chem. 8, 347-359.
CFC-11 and CFC-12: Warner MJ and Weiss R, 1985. Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and sewater. Deep-Sea Res. 32, 1485-1497.
SF6: Bullister et al., 2002. The solubility of sulfur hexafluroide in water and sewater. Deep-Sea Res. I, 49, 175-188.
CCl4: Bullister JL and Wisegarver DP, 1998. The solubility of carbon tetrachloride in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. I, 1285-1302.
See Also
gas_O2sat, gas_satconc,
gas_schmidt, gas_transfer,
atmComp, vapor
Examples
gas_solubility(t = 1:20,S = 35, species = "CO2")
gas_solubility(t = 0:5,S = 35,species = "O2")
Temp <- seq(from = 0, to = 30, by = 0.1)
mf <- par(mfrow = c(1, 2))
gs <- gas_solubility(t = Temp)
species <- c("CCl4", "CO2", "N2O", "Rn", "CCl2F2")
matplot(Temp, gs[, species], type = "l", lty = 1, lwd = 2,
xlab = "temperature", ylab = "mmol/m3", main = "solubility (S=35)")
legend("topright", col = 1:5, lwd = 2, legend = species)
species2 <- c("Kr", "CH4", "Ar", "O2", "N2", "Ne")
matplot(Temp, gs[, species2], type = "l", lty = 1, lwd = 2,
xlab = "temperature", ylab = "mmol/m3", main = "solubility (S=35)")
legend("topright", col = 1:6, lwd = 2, legend = species2)
plot(Temp,gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "CCl4"), xlab = "temperature",
ylab = "mmol/m3/atm", main = "solubility (S=35)",
type = "l", lwd = 2, ylim = c(0, 100000))
lines(Temp,gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "CO2"), col = "red", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp,gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "N2O"), col = "blue", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp,gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "Rn"), col = "green", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp,gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "CCl2F2"), col = "yellow", lwd = 2)
legend("topright", col = c("black", "red", "blue", "green", "yellow"), lwd = 2,
legend = c("CCl4", "CO2", "N2O", "Rn", "CCl2F2"))
plot(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "Kr"), xlab = "temperature",
ylab = "mmol/m3/atm", main = "solubility (S=35)", type = "l",
lwd = 2, ylim = c(0, 4000))
lines(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "CH4"), col = "red", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "Ar"), col = "blue", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "O2"), col = "green", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "N2"), col = "yellow", lwd = 2)
lines(Temp, gas_solubility(t = Temp, species = "Ne"), col = "grey", lwd = 2)
legend("topright",col = c("black", "red", "blue", "green", "yellow", "grey"),
lwd = 2, legend = c("Kr", "CH4", "Ar", "O2", "N2", "Ne"))
par(mfrow = mf)
## generate table 3.2.3 from Sarmiento and Gruber
Temp <- seq (0,30,by = 5)
## saturated concentrations in mmol/m3 at at 1 atm;
# convert from /bar to /atm using 1.013253
A <- data.frame(cbind( t = Temp,
He = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "He")*1.013253,
Ne = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "Ne")*1.013253,
N2 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "N2")*1.013253,
O2 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "O2")*1.013253,
Ar = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "Ar")*1.013253,
Kr = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "Kr")*1.013253,
Rn = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "Rn")*1.013253) )
format(A,digits = 4)
## table values at
## 0 dgC: 349.4 448.6 818.8 1725 1879 3820 31150
## 20 dg C: 332.9 390.7 557.9 1126 1236 2241 14130
## note the (very) slight deviations for Rn
## saturated concentrations in micromol/m3 at 1 atm
AA <- data.frame(cbind( t = Temp,
CH4 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "CH4") *1.013253,
CO2 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "CO2") *1.013253,
N2O = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "N2O") *1.013253,
CCL2F2 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "CCl2F2")*1.013253,
CCL3F = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "CCl3F") *1.013253,
SF6 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "SF6") *1.013253,
CCl4 = gas_solubility(t = Temp,species = "CCl4") *1.013253))
format(AA,digits = 4)
## Table values at
## 0 dgC: 1984 64400 47840 6686 27380 425.2 97114
## 20 dgC: 1241 33110 23870 2566 9242 195.8 30307
## Note: there are slight deviations for CO2, and N2O!