R: Molecular Diffusion Coefficients

diffcoeff {marelac}

R Documentation

Molecular Diffusion Coefficients

Description

Calculates the molecular and ionic diffusion coefficients in m^2 s^{-1}, for several inorganic species in seawater at a given salinity, temperature, and pressure.

Based on Chapter 4 in Boudreau (1997)

Usage

diffcoeff(S = 35, t = 25, P = 1.013253,
      species = c("H2O", "O2", "CO2", "H2", "CH4", "DMS",
      "He", "Ne", "Ar", "Kr", "Xe", "Rn",
      "N2", "H2S", "NH3", "NO", "N2O", "CO", "SO2",
      "OH", "F", "Cl", "Br", "I",
      "HCO3", "CO3", "H2PO4", "HPO4", "PO4",
      "HS", "HSO3", "SO3", "HSO4", "SO4", "IO3", "NO2", "NO3",
      "H", "Li", "Na", "K", "Cs","Ag","NH4",
      "Ca", "Mg", "Fe", "Mn", "Ba", "Be", "Cd", "Co",
      "Cu", "Hg", "Ni", "Sr", "Pb", "Ra", "Zn", "Al", "Ce",
      "La", "Pu", "H3PO4", "BOH3", "BOH4", "H4SiO4"))

Arguments

`S`	Salinity, -,
`t`	Temperature, `^\circ`C,
`P`	True pressure, bar,
`species`	character vector with the names of the chemical species whose diffusion coefficient should be calculated.

Details

To correct for salinity, the Stokes-Einstein relationship is used. This is not quite accurate, but is at least consistent.

H_3PO_4 : Least (1984) determined D(H3PO4) at 25 deg C and 0 S. Assume that this value can be scaled by the Stokes-Einstein relationship to any other temperature.

B(OH)_3 : Mackin (1986) determined D(B(OH)3) at 25 deg C and about 29.2 S. Assume that this value can be scaled by the Stokes-Einstein relationship to any other temperature.

B(OH)_4 : No information on this species. Boudreau and Canfield (1988) assume it is 12.5% smaller than B(OH)3.

H_4SiO_4 : Wollast and Garrels (1971) found D(H4SiO4) at 25 deg C and 36.1 ppt S. Assume that this value can be scaled by the Stokes-Einstein relationship to any other temperature.

Arguments salinity, temperature or pressure can be vectors. In order to avoid confusion, S, t and P must have either same length or length 1. More flexible combinations are of course possible with expand.grid

Value

A data.frame with the diffusion coefficients m^2 s^{-1} of the selected chemical species.

Author(s)

Filip Meysman <filip.meysman@nioz.nl>, Karline Soetaert <karline.soetaert@nioz.nl>

References

Based on Chapter 4 in Boudreau (1997) :

Boudreau BP, 1997. Diagenetic Models and their Implementation. Modelling Transport and Reactions in Aquatic Sediments. Springer. Berlin.

who cites:

for self-diffusion coefficient H2O:

Cohen MH and Turnbull D. 1959. Molecular transport in liquids and glasses. Journal of chemical physics 31 (5): 1164-1169

Krynicki K, Green CD and Sawyer DW, 1978. Pressure and temperature-dependence of self-diffusion in water. Faraday discussions 66: 199-208

for gases O2 and CO2:

Novel relation by Boudreau (1997) based on new compilation of data

for gases He, Ne, Kr, Xe, Rn, H2, CH4:

Jahne B, Heinz G, and Dietrich W, 1987. Measurements of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water. J. Geophys. Res., 92:10,767-10,776.

for Ar:

Ohsumi T and Horibe Y, 1984. Diffusivity of He and Ar in deep-sea sediments, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 70, 61-68.

for DMS:

Saltzman ES, King DB, Holmen K, and Leck C, 1993. Experimental Determination of the Diffusion Coefficient of Dimethylsulfide in Water, J. Geophys. Res., 98(C9), 16, 481-486.

for other gases (N2, H2S, NH3, NO, N2O, CO, SO2):

Wilke CR and Chang P, 1955. Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions. Aiche journal 1 (2): 264-270

with the correction proposed by

Hayduk W and Laudie H, 1974. Prediction of diffusion-coefficients for nonelectrolytes in dilute aqueous-solutions. Aiche journal 20 (3): 611-615

for ions: