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The first 118 chemical elements
Description
The first 118 elements, ordered by atomic number.
Some values of density, melting point,and boiling point are predictions rather than measurements. For those elements which do not have any stable nuclides, the mass number given is that of the longest-lived isotope (exceptions here are bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium standard atomic weights are available). See the source for more detail.
Format
A data frame with 118 rows and 17 variates:
- Number
The atomic number. The number of protons found the nucleus of every atom of the element. It is the (positive) charge number of the element's nucleus.
- Symbol
One or two letter atomic symbol for the element.
- Name
Name of the element.
- Group
Identifies elements having similar chemical behaviours. For most elements, the column in the periodic table is identical to the group.
- Period
Period identify a collection of elements of sequential mass typically from metals to nonmetals. For most elements, period identifies its row in a periodic table.
- Mass
Relative atomic mass or atomic weight. It is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to the atomic mass constant. Measurements are in unified atomic mass units or Daltons. Expressed in these units, it is within 1 percent of the mass number.
- Mass_number
Total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus.
- Density
Element density in grams per cubic centimetre.
- Melting_point
Temperature in degrees Kelvin at which the element changes state from solid to liquid. Marked as approximate for Flerovium and Oganesson.
- Boiling_point
Temperature in degrees Kelvin at which the element changes state from liquid to vapour.
- Specific_heat_capacity
The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature by one Kelvin degree measured in Joules per gram and degree Kelvin.
- Electro_negativity
The tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself. The higher the number the greater the attraction.
- Abundance
The estimated abundance of the element in the Earth's crust in millograns per kilogram. For Technetium and Francium the value is marked as approximate; for Neptunium and Plutonium the value is an upper bound.
- Category
Identifies where elements lie on the metal - metalloid - nonmetal categorization.
- Subcategory
Identifies the subcategory of the element on the metal - metalloid - nonmetal categorization.
- x
The geometric horizontal position in the periodic table where this element appears.
- y
The geometric vertical position in the periodic table where this element appears.
Author(s)
R.W. Oldford
Source
Data extracted from Wikipedia's "List of chemical elements" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements (April 17, 2020).