hwtos {locits}

Haar wavelet test for (second-order) stationarity for arbitrary length time series.

Description

NOTE: CURRENTLY THIS FUNCTION IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE PACKAGE. USE hwtos2. This function computes the raw wavelet periodogram of the arbitrary time series vector x. The periodogram is then subject to a hypothesis test to see if its expectation over time, for different scales, is constant. The constancy test is carried out using tests on its Haar wavelet coefficients. The overall test is for second-order stationarity (e.g. constant variance, constant acf function, mean is assumed zero).

Usage

hwtos(x, alpha = 0.05, lowlev = 1, WTscale = NULL, maxSD = NULL,
    verbose = FALSE, silent = FALSE, UseCForVarip2 = TRUE, OPLENGTH = 1e+05,
    mc.method = p.adjust.methods)

Arguments

x

The time series you wish to test for second-order stationarity. Minimum length series that this function will operate for is 20. However, for short series the power of the test might not be good and could be investigated via simulation that reflect your particular circumstances. This should be a stochastic series. The function will report an error if x is a constant function. The function might not work properly if it contains a significant trend or patches of non-stochastic observations.

alpha

The (nominal) size of the hypothesis test.

lowlev

Controls the lowest scale of the wavelet periodogram that gets analyzed. Generally, leave this parameter alone.

WTscale

Controls the finest scale of the Haar wavelet transform of a particular wavelet periodogram scale. Generally, we have to stay away from the finest Haar wavelet transform scales of the periodogram as the test relies on a central limit theorem effect which only "kicks in" when the Haar wavelet scale is medium-to-coarse. Generally, leave this argument alone.

maxSD

Parameter which controls which scales go towards overall variance calculation. Generally, leave alone.

verbose

If TRUE then informative messages are printed. If FALSE only limited informational messages are printed unless silent=TRUE.

silent

If TRUE then no messages are printed during the operation of the function at all.

UseCForVarip2

If TRUE then fast C code is used for the variance calculation, otherwise slower R code is used.

OPLENGTH

Some of the internal functions require workspace to perform their calculations. In exceptional circumstances more static workspace might be required and so this argument might need to be higher than the default. However, the code will tell you how high this number will need to be. The code can, with default arguments, handle series that are up to 30000 in length. However, at 35000 the OPLENGTH parameter will need to be increased.

mc.method

Method to control overall size for test taking into account multiple comparisons. The default argument is p.adjust.methods which is the same as the default argument to the p.adjust function in R. This includes a number of the popular methods such as "Holm", "Bonferonni" and "FDR", for example.

Details

This function computes all possible Haar wavelet coefficients of the time series x. Then, squares those to obtain the raw wavelet periodogram. Then the test of stationarity works by taking each level of the raw wavelet periodogram and subjecting it to another (decimated) Haar wavelet transform and then assessing whether any of those coefficients is significantly different to zero. It does this by using a Gaussian approximation first introduced by Neumann and von Sachs (2000). This is a multiple testing problem: many individual wavelet coefficients need to be assessed simultaneously and the user can choose the type of assessment using the mc.method argument.

Value

An object of class tosANYN. This is a list containing the following components.

nreject

The number of wavelet coefficients that reject the null hypothesis of being zero.

mc.method

The multiple comparison method used.

AllTS

All the t-statistics. This is a list containing J levels, where J is the number of periodogram levels. Each slot in the AllTS list itself contains a Haar wavelet transform object (hwtANYN) which are the t-statistics associated with each Haar wavelet coefficient of the Haar raw wavelet periodogram.

AllPVal

As AllTS but for p-values

alpha

The size of the test

x

The time series that was analyzed

xSD

The estimated mean spectrum value for each level of the spectrum, mean over time that is.

allTS

A vector containing all of the test statistics. So, the information in AllTS but arranged as a single vector

allpvals

As allTS but for p-values. These values have been adjusted to take account of the multiple comparisons. See the vaector allpvals.unadjust for an unadjusted set.

allbigscale

The wavelet periodogram scale associated with each t-statistic in allTS.

alllitscale

As for allbigscale but for the wavelet transform of the wavelet periodogram.

allindex

As for allbigscale but the wavelet coefficient index in the Haar wavelet transform of the wavelet periodogram

alllv

The maximum number of wavelet coefficients in a particular Haar wavelet scale of a particular scale of the wavelet periodogram. Note, this information is useful because the wavelet transforms are computed on arbitrary length objects and so keeping track of the number of coefficients per scale is useful later, e.g. for plotting purposes. This information is not required in the dyadic case because the coefficient vector lengths are completely predictable.

allpvals.unadjust

A vector of p-values that has not been adjusted by a multiple hypothesis test technique.

Author(s)

G. P. Nason

References

Nason, G.P. (2013) A test for second-order stationarity and approximate confidence intervals for localized autocovariances for locally stationary time series. J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 75, 879-904. doi:10.1111/rssb.12015

Priestley, M.B. and Subba Rao (1969) A test for non-stationarity of time series. J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 31, 140-149.

von Sachs, R. and Neumann, M.H. (2000) A wavelet-based test for stationarity. J. Time Ser. Anal., 21, 597-613.

See Also

link{hwt}, hwtos2, plot.tosANYN, print.tosANYN, summary.tosANYN

Examples

#
# Generate test data set of non-dyadic length
#
v3 <- rnorm(300)
#
# Run the test of stationarity
#
## Not run: v3.TOS <- hwtos(v3)
#
#Scales get printed 
#8    7    6    5    4    3    2 
#
## Not run: print(v3.TOS)
#Class 'tosANYN' : Stationarity Object for Arbitrary Length Data :
#	~~~~~~~  : List with 14 components with names
#	nreject mc.method AllTS AllPVal alpha x xSD allTS
#	allpvals allbigscale alllitscale allindex alllv
#	allpvals.unadjust 
#
#
#summary(.):
#----------
#There are  54  hypothesis tests altogether
#There were  0  reject(s)
#P-val adjustment method was:  holm 
#
# Note, nothing got rejected. So accept the H_0 null hypothesis of stationarity.
# This is precisely what you'd expect operating on iid Gaussians.
#
# Let's construct obvious example of non-stationarity.
#
v4 <- c(rnorm(150), rnorm(150,sd=3))
#
# I.e. v4 has sharp variance change halfway along
# Now compute test of stationarity
#
## Not run: v4.TOS <- hwtos(v4)
#
#  Print out results
#
## Not run: print(v4.TOS)
#
#Class 'tosANYN' : Stationarity Object for Arbitrary Length Data :
#       ~~~~~~~  : List with 14 components with names
#       nreject mc.method AllTS AllPVal alpha x xSD allTS
#       allpvals allbigscale alllitscale allindex alllv
#       allpvals.unadjust 
#
#
#summary(.):
#----------
#There are  54  hypothesis tests altogether
#There were  5  reject(s)
#P-val adjustment method was:  holm 
#Listing rejects...
#P:  7  HWTlev:  2  Max Poss Ix:  2  Indices:  2 
#P:  7  HWTlev:  1  Max Poss Ix:  1  Indices:  1 
#P:  6  HWTlev:  1  Max Poss Ix:  1  Indices:  1 
#P:  5  HWTlev:  1  Max Poss Ix:  1  Indices:  1 
#P:  4  HWTlev:  1  Max Poss Ix:  1  Indices:  1