backward_linkages {iotables}

Backward linkages

Description

Indicate the interconnection of a particular sector to other sectors from which it purchases inputs (demand side). When a sector increases its output, it will increase the total (intermediate) demand on all other sectors, which is measured by backward linkages.

Usage

backward_linkages(Im)

Arguments

Im

A Leontief inverse matrix created by the leontief_inverse_create function.

Details

Backward linkages are defined as the column sum of the Leontief inverse, in line with the Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables (see p506-507.) and the Handbook on Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications of the United Nations (see p636,)

Value

The vector of industry (product) backward linkages in a wide data.frame class, following the column names of the Leontief inverse matrix.

See Also

Other linkage functions: forward_linkages()

Examples

de_coeff <- input_coefficient_matrix_create( iotable_get(), 
                                             digits = 4 )
I <- leontief_inverse_create (de_coeff)
backward_linkages (I)