FKM.gk.noise {fclust}

Gustafson and Kessel - like fuzzy k-means with noise cluster

Description

Performs the Gustafson and Kessel - like fuzzy k-means clustering algorithm with noise cluster.
Differently from fuzzy k-means, it is able to discover non-spherical clusters.
The noise cluster is an additional cluster (with respect to the k standard clusters) such that objects recognized to be outliers are assigned to it with high membership degrees.

Usage

 FKM.gk.noise (X, k, m, vp, delta, RS, stand, startU, index, alpha, conv, maxit, seed)

Arguments

X

Matrix or data.frame

k

An integer value or vector specifying the number of clusters for which the index is to be calculated (default: 2:6)

m

Parameter of fuzziness (default: 2)

vp

Volume parameter (default: rep(1,max(k)). If k is a vector, for each group the first k element of vpare considered.

delta

Noise distance (default: average Euclidean distance between objects and prototypes from FKM.gk using the same values of k and m)

RS

Number of (random) starts (default: 1)

stand

Standardization: if stand=1, the clustering algorithm is run using standardized data (default: no standardization)

startU

Rational start for the membership degree matrix U (default: no rational start)

index

Cluster validity index to select the number of clusters: "PC" (partition coefficient), "PE" (partition entropy), "MPC" (modified partition coefficient), "SIL" (silhouette), "SIL.F" (fuzzy silhouette), "XB" (Xie and Beni) (default: "SIL.F")

alpha

Weighting coefficient for the fuzzy silhouette index SIL.F (default: 1)

conv

Convergence criterion (default: 1e-9)

maxit

Maximum number of iterations (default: 1e+6)

seed

Seed value for random number generation (default: NULL)

Details

If startU is given, the argument k is ignored (the number of clusters is ncol(startU)).
If startU is given, the first element of value, cput and iter refer to the rational start.
If a cluster covariance matrix becomes singular, then the algorithm stops and the element of value is NaN.
The Babuska et al. variant in FKM.gkb.noise is recommended.

Value

Object of class fclust, which is a list with the following components:

U

Membership degree matrix

H

Prototype matrix

F

Array containing the covariance matrices of all the clusters

clus

Matrix containing the indexes of the clusters where the objects are assigned (column 1) and the associated membership degrees (column 2)

medoid

Vector containing the indexes of the medoid objects (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

value

Vector containing the loss function values for the RS starts

criterion

Vector containing the values of the cluster validity index

iter

Vector containing the numbers of iterations for the RS starts

k

Number of clusters

m

Parameter of fuzziness

ent

Degree of fuzzy entropy (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

b

Parameter of the polynomial fuzzifier (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

vp

Volume parameter

delta

Noise distance

gam

Weighting parameter for the fuzzy covariance matrices (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

mcn

Maximum condition number for the fuzzy covariance matrices (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

stand

Standardization (Yes if stand=1, No if stand=0)

Xca

Data used in the clustering algorithm (standardized data if stand=1)

X

Raw data

D

Dissimilarity matrix (NULL for FKM.gk.noise)

call

Matched call

Author(s)

Paolo Giordani, Maria Brigida Ferraro, Alessio Serafini

References

Dave' R.N., 1991. Characterization and detection of noise in clustering. Pattern Recognition Letters, 12, 657-664.
Gustafson E.E., Kessel W.C., 1978. Fuzzy clustering with a fuzzy covariance matrix. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 761-766.

See Also

FKM.gkb.noise, Fclust, Fclust.index, print.fclust, summary.fclust, plot.fclust, unemployment

Examples

## Not run: 
## unemployment data
data(unemployment)
## Gustafson and Kessel-like fuzzy k-means with noise cluster, fixing the number of clusters
clust=FKM.gk.noise(unemployment,k=3,delta=20,RS=10)
## Gustafson and Kessel-like fuzzy k-means with noise cluster, selecting the number of clusters
clust=FKM.gk.noise(unemployment,k=2:6,delta=20,RS=10)

## End(Not run)