glioma {exactRankTests}

Malignant Glioma Pilot Study

Description

A non-randomized pilot study on malignant glioma patients with pretargeted adjuvant radioimmunotherapy using Yttrium-90-biotin.

Usage

data(glioma)

Format

A data frame with 37 observations on the following 7 variables.

No.

patient number.

Age

patients ages in years.

Sex

a factor with levels F(emale) and M(ale).

Histology

a factor with levels GBM (grade IV) and Grade3 (grade III)

Survival

survival times in month.

Cens

censoring indicator: 0 censored and 1 dead.

Group

a factor with levels Control and RIT.

Details

The primary endpoint of this small pilot study is survival. Survival times are tied, the usual asymptotic log-rank test may be inadequate in this setup. Therefore, a permutation test (via Monte-Carlo sampling) was conducted in the original paper. The data are taken from Tables 1 and 2 of Grana et al. (2002).

Source

C. Grana, M. Chinol, C. Robertson, C. Mazzetta, M. Bartolomei, C. De Cicco, M. Fiorenza, M. Gatti, P. Caliceti & G. Paganelli (2002), Pretargeted adjuvant radioimmunotherapy with Yttrium-90-biotin in malignant glioma patients: A pilot study. British Journal of Cancer, 86(2), 207–212.

Examples

data(glioma)

if(require(survival, quietly = TRUE)) {

  par(mfrow=c(1,2))

  # Grade III glioma
  g3 <- glioma[glioma$Histology == "Grade3",]

  # Plot Kaplan-Meier curves
  plot(survfit(Surv(Survival, Cens) ~ Group, data=g3), 
       main="Grade III Glioma", lty=c(2,1), 
       legend.text=c("Control", "Treated"),
       legend.bty=1, ylab="Probability", 
       xlab="Survival Time in Month")

  # log-rank test
  survdiff(Surv(Survival, Cens) ~ Group, data=g3)

  # permutation test with integer valued log-rank scores
  lsc <- cscores(Surv(g3$Survival, g3$Cens), int=TRUE) 
  perm.test(lsc ~ Group, data=g3) 

  # permutation test with real valued log-rank scores
  lsc <- cscores(Surv(g3$Survival, g3$Cens), int=FALSE)
  tr <- (g3$Group == "RIT")
  T <- sum(lsc[tr])
  pperm(T, lsc, sum(tr), alternative="tw")
  pperm(T, lsc, sum(tr), alternative="tw", simulate=TRUE)

  # Grade IV glioma
  gbm <- glioma[glioma$Histology == "GBM",] 

  # Plot Kaplan-Meier curves
  plot(survfit(Surv(Survival, Cens) ~ Group, data=gbm), 
       main="Grade IV Glioma", lty=c(2,1), 
       legend.text=c("Control", "Treated"),
       legend.bty=1, legend.pos=1, ylab="Probability", 
       xlab="Survival Time in Month")
   
  # log-rank test
  survdiff(Surv(Survival, Cens) ~ Group, data=gbm)

  # permutation test with integer valued log-rank scores
  lsc <- cscores(Surv(gbm$Survival, gbm$Cens), int=TRUE)
  perm.test(lsc ~ Group, data=gbm)

  # permutation test with real valued log-rank scores 
  lsc <- cscores(Surv(gbm$Survival, gbm$Cens), int=FALSE) 
  tr <- (gbm$Group == "RIT")
  T <- sum(lsc[tr])
  pperm(T, lsc, sum(tr), alternative="tw")
  pperm(T, lsc, sum(tr), alternative="tw", simulate=TRUE)
}