evolvabilityBeta {evolvability}

Calculate evolvability parameters along a set of selection gradients

Description

G needs to be symmetric and positive definite.

Usage

evolvabilityBeta(G, Beta, means = 1)

Arguments

G

A variance matrix.

Beta

Either a vector or a matrix of unit length selection gradients stacked column wise.

means

An optional vector of trait means (for internal mean standardization).

Details

evolvabilityBeta calculates (unconditional) evolvability (e), respondability (r), conditional evolvability (c), autonomy (a) and integration (i) along selection gradients given an additive-genetic variance matrix as described in Hansen and Houle (2008).

Value

An object of class 'evolvabilityBeta', which is a list with the following components:

Beta				The matrix of selection gradients.
e				The evolvability of each selection gradient.
r				The respondability of each selection gradient.
c				The conditional evolvability of each selection gradient.
a				The autonomy of each selection gradient.
i				The integration of each selection gradient.

Author(s)

Geir H. Bolstad

References

Hansen, T. F. & Houle, D. (2008) Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters. J. Evol. Biol. 21:1201-1219.

Examples

G <- matrix(c(1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2, 3), ncol = 3) / 10
Beta <- randomBeta(5, 3)
X <- evolvabilityBeta(G, Beta)
summary(X)