ck {evident}

Minimum Wages and Employment

Description

Data from Card and Krueger's study of minimum wages and employment in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Usage

data("ck")

Format

A data frame with 198 observations on the following 7 variables.

mset

Matched set indicator, 1, 2, ..., 66

grp

Group indicator NJhigh NJlow PA

fte

Full time employees, Februrary 1992, before the increase in the minimum wage in New Jersey (NJ).

fte2

Full time employees, November 1992, after the increase in the minimum wage in New Jersey (NJ).

CHAIN

Restaurant chain, Burger King, Wendy's, KFC and Roy Rogers

HRSOPEN

Number of hours the restaurant was open in February 1992

SHEET

Identifier that may be used to link the limited data here to the full data set provided by Card and Krueger.

Details

On 1 April 1992, the state of New Jersy increased its minimum wage from 4.25 dollars per hour to 5.05 dollars per hour, while adjacent Pennsylvania made no change. David Card and Alan Krueger studied the change in employment at fast food restaurants, from before the wage increase to after, based on survey data they collected.

There are three groups matched for HRSOPEN and indicators of the CHAIN. PA are restaurants in eastern Pennsylvania, adjacent to western New Jersey. NJlow are New Jersey restaurants with a starting wage of at most 4.50 dollars in February 1992, and NJhigh are New Jersey restaurants with a starting wage of more than 4.50 dollars. The NJlow restaurants were required to increase the starting wage by substantially more than the NJhigh restaurants.

The match was built using the algorithm of Karmakar et al. (2019) and the approximatch package in R.

Used as an example in Rosenbaum (2021).

Using a different matched sample, an analysis of two evidence factors in Card and Krueger's study is given in Rosenbaum (2010).

Source

Card, D. and Krueger, A. B. (1994) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2019.1584900> "Minimum wages and employment: A case study of the fast food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania". American Economic Review, 84, 772-793.

References

Card, D. and Krueger, A. B. (1994) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2019.1584900> "Minimum wages and employment: A case study of the fast food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania". American Economic Review, 84, 772-793.

Karmakar, B., Small, D. S. and Rosenbaum, P. R. (2019) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2019.1584900> "Using approximation algorithms to build evidence factors and related designs for observational studies". Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 28, 698-709.

Karmakar, B., Small, D. S. and Rosenbaum, P. R. (2021) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1745811> Reinforced designs: Multiple instruments plus control groups as evidence factors in an observational study of the effectiveness of Catholic schools. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 116, 82-92.

Rosenbaum, P. R. (2010). <doi:10.1093/biomet/asq019> "Evidence factors in observational studies". Biometrika, 97(2), 333-345.

Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2021) <doi:10.1201/9781003039648> Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies. Chapman and Hall/CRC.

Examples

data(ck)
boxplot((ck$fte2-ck$fte)~ck$grp)