lca {demography}

Model mortality or fertility data using Lee-Carter approach

Description

Lee-Carter model of mortality or fertility rates. lca produces a standard Lee-Carter model by default, although many other options are available. bms is a wrapper for lca and returns a model based on the Booth-Maindonald-Smith methodology.

Usage

lca(
  data,
  series = names(data$rate)[1],
  years = data$year,
  ages = data$age,
  max.age = 100,
  adjust = c("dt", "dxt", "e0", "none"),
  chooseperiod = FALSE,
  minperiod = 20,
  breakmethod = c("bai", "bms"),
  scale = FALSE,
  restype = c("logrates", "rates", "deaths"),
  interpolate = FALSE
)

bms(
  data,
  series = names(data$rate)[1],
  years = data$year,
  ages = data$age,
  max.age = 100,
  minperiod = 20,
  breakmethod = c("bms", "bai"),
  scale = FALSE,
  restype = c("logrates", "rates", "deaths"),
  interpolate = FALSE
)

Arguments

data

demogdata object of type “mortality” or “fertility”. Output from read.demogdata.

series

name of series within data containing mortality or fertility values (1x1)

years

years to include in fit. Default: all available years.

ages

ages to include in fit. Default: all available ages up to max.age.

max.age

upper age to include in fit. Ages beyond this are collapsed into the upper age group.

adjust

method to use for adjustment of coefficients k_t kt. Possibilities are “dxt” (BMS method), “dt” (Lee-Carter method), “e0” (method based on life expectancy) and “none”. Defaults are “dxt” for bms() and “dt” for lca().

chooseperiod

If TRUE, it will choose the best fitting period.

minperiod

Minimum number of years to include in fitting period if chooseperiod=TRUE.

breakmethod

method to use for identifying breakpoints if chooseperiod=TRUE. Possibilities are “bai” (Bai's method computed using breakpoints in the strucchange package) and “bms” (method based on mean deviance ratios described in BMS).

scale

If TRUE, it will rescale bx and kt so that kt has drift parameter = 1.

restype

method to use for calculating residuals. Possibilities are “logrates”, “rates” and “deaths”.

interpolate

If TRUE, it will estimate any zero mortality or fertility rates using the same age group from nearby years.

Details

All mortality or fertility data are assumed to be in matrices of mortality or fertility rates within data$rate. Each row is one age group (assumed to be single years). Each column is one year. The function produces a model for the series mortality or fertility rate matrix within data$rate. Forecasts from this model can be obtained using forecast.lca.

Value

Object of class “lca” with the following components:

label

Name of region

age

Ages from data object.

year

Years from data object.

<series>

Matrix of mortality or fertility data as contained in data. It takes the name given by the series argument.

ax

Average deathrates across fitting period

bx

First principal component in Lee-Carter model

kt

Coefficient of first principal component

residuals

Functional time series of residuals.

fitted

Functional time series containing estimated mortality or fertility rates from model

varprop

Proportion of variance explained by model.

y

The data stored as a functional time series object.

mdev

Mean deviance of total and base lack of fit, as described in Booth, Maindonald and Smith.

Author(s)

Heather Booth, Leonie Tickle, John Maindonald and Rob J Hyndman.

References

Booth, H., Maindonald, J., and Smith, L. (2002) Applying Lee-Carter under conditions of variable mortality decline. Population Studies, 56, 325-336.

Lee, R.D., and Carter, L.R. (1992) Modeling and forecasting US mortality. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 659-671.

See Also

forecast.lca, plot.lca, summary.lca, fdm

Examples

## Not run: 
france.LC1 <- lca(fr.mort, adjust="e0")
plot(france.LC1)
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(fr.mort,years=1953:2002,ylim=c(-11,1))
plot(forecast(france.LC1,jumpchoice="actual"),ylim=c(-11,1))

france.bms <- bms(fr.mort, breakmethod="bai")
fcast.bms <- forecast(france.bms)
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
plot(fcast.bms$kt)

## End(Not run)