combat_apply {combat.enigma}

Apply ComBat harmonization

Description

Apply ComBat to harmonize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from different sites. Briefly, ComBat is a batch adjustment method that removes additive and multiplicative differences between sites due to the use of different scanning devices. combat_fit fits the ComBat model, while code_apply applies the harmonization using the model. As detailed below, the original combat function from the sva package was first modified by Jean-Philippe Fortin for the harmonization of MRI data and then modified by Joaquim Radua to create separate functions for fitting and applying the harmonization and allow missing values and constant rows for its use within the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium.

Usage

combat_apply(combat_parameters, dat, site, cov = NULL, verbose = TRUE)

Arguments

combat_parameters

a list of combat parameters returned by combat_fit.

dat

matrix or data.frame with the MRI data (e.g., ROIs, voxels, vertexes, etc.).

site

factor specifying the site of each individual.

cov

matrix or data.frame with the covariates.

verbose

(optional) logical, whether to print some messages during execution.

Details

The original function in the sva package was first modified by Jean-Philippe Fortin for the harmonization of MRI data and modified again by Joaquim Radua to create separate functions for fitting and applying the harmonization, allowing missings and constant rows and minor changes in the arguments of the functions to facilitate their use. The current version is thus the one described in "Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA" below, but please also acknowledge the previous versions.

Value

A list of ComBat parameters plus the harmonized data (item dat.combat)

Author(s)

Joaquim Radua, based on the previous work of others (see Details)

References

Fortin JP, Cullen N, Sheline YI, Taylor WD, Aselcioglu I, Cook PA, Adams P, Cooper C, Fava M, McGrath PJ, McInnis M, Phillips ML, Trivedi MH, Weissman MM, Shinohara RT. (2017) Harmonization of cortical thickness measurements across scanners and sites. Neuroimage, 167, 104–120, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.024.

Radua J, Vieta E, Shinohara R, Kochunov P, Quide Y, Green MJ, Weickert CS, Weickert T, Bruggemann J, Kircher T, Nenadic I, Cairns MJ, Seal M, Schall U, Henskens F, Fullerton JM, Mowry B, Pantelis C, Lenroot R, Cropley V, Loughland C, Scott R, Wolf D, Satterthwaite TD, Tan Y, Sim K, Piras F, Spalletta G, Banaj N, Pomarol-Clotet E, Solanes A, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Sarro S, Di Giorgio A, Bertolino A, Stablein M, Oertel V, Knochel C, Borgwardt S, du Plessis S, Yun JY, Kwon JS, Dannlowski U, Hahn T, Grotegerd D, Alloza C, Arango C, Janssen J, Diaz-Caneja C, Jiang W, Calhoun V, Ehrlich S, Yang K, Cascella NG, Takayanagi Y, Sawa A, Tomyshev A, Lebedeva I, Kaleda V, Kirschner M, Hoschl C, Tomecek D, Skoch A, van Amelsvoort T, Bakker G, James A, Preda A, Weideman A, Stein DJ, Howells F, Uhlmann A, Temmingh H, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Diaz-Zuluaga A, Fortea L, Martinez-Heras E, Solana E, Llufriu S, Jahanshad N, Thompson P, Turner J, van Erp T; ENIGMA Consortium collaborators. (2020) Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA. Neuroimage, 218, 116956, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116956.

See Also

combat_fit

Examples

raw_mri = combat_example[,6:19]
site = factor(combat_example$site)

# Fit and apply combat to harmonize mri data across sites
mod = as.matrix(combat_example[,c("disorder", "age", "sex")])
combat = combat_fit(raw_mri, site, mod)
harmonized_mri = combat_apply(combat, raw_mri, site, mod)$dat.combat

# Run ANOVAs to check the effects of site
Out = NULL
for (j in 1:ncol(raw_mri)) {
  raw_mri_anova = anova(lm(raw_mri[,j] ~ mod), lm(raw_mri[,j] ~ mod + site))
  harmonized_mri_anova = anova(lm(harmonized_mri[,j] ~ mod), lm(harmonized_mri[,j] ~ mod + site))
  Out = rbind(Out, data.frame(
    roi = colnames(raw_mri)[j],
    raw_mri.F = round(raw_mri_anova$F[2], 1),
    raw_mri.P = round(raw_mri_anova$`Pr(>F)`[2], 3),
    harmonized_mri.F = round(harmonized_mri_anova$F[2], 1),
    harmonized_mri.P = round(harmonized_mri_anova$`Pr(>F)`[2], 3)
  ))
}
Out[,-1] = apply(Out[,-1], 2, function (x) {ifelse(x == 0, "<0.001", x)})
Out