sd {circular}

Standard Deviation

Description

The sd function from the base is replace by a new method in order to report the standard deviation of circular data appropriately. sd.default is an alias of the original function sd see sd. The behavior would be the same for objects which are not from class data.frame and circular (in the last case the standard deviation is define as in Mardia (1972)

\sqrt{-2\ln r}

where r is the mean resultant length of the data, see sd.circular for more details). The method for data.frame will apply the sd function to each columns.

Usage

sd(x, ...)
## Default S3 method:
sd(x, na.rm = FALSE, ...)
## S3 method for class 'data.frame'
sd(x, ...)

Arguments

x

a numeric vector, matrix or data frame.

na.rm

logical. Should missing values be removed?

...

further arguments passed to or from other methods.

See Also

sd, sd.circular, var.circular and summary.circular.