onoff_bonato {biosignalEMG}

Automatic on/off detection algorithm based on a double threshold scheme

Description

Automatic detection algorithm to determine the times at which muscles “turn on” (activity periods) and “turn off” (silence periods) in an EMG signal.

Usage

onoff_bonato(data, channel, sigma_n, Pfa = 0.05, m = 5, r0 = 1, minL = 15, data.name)

Arguments

data

an ‘emg’ object.

channel

in case of multi-channel data, channel is the specific channel to be considered by the procedure. Possible values: a character vector specifying the name of the channel to be considered (case sensitive) or a numeric value specifying the channel to be considered (number of column in data).

sigma_n

standard deviation of the baseline noise (need to be estimated).

Pfa

false-alarm probability (see ‘Details’).

m

number of samples observed to perform the detection.

r0

minimum number of samples out of m which must be over the threshold (see Details) to detect the signal.

minL

minimum length allowed of the detected phases.

data.name

a string specifying the name of the variable which will appears on the plots. If empty or not provided is taken from the object given as data.

Details

This technique of detection consists of selecting a initial threshold (such that the probability of false alarm is Pfa) and then observing m successive samples: if at least r0 out of the m successive samples are above the threshold the presence of the signal is acknowledged.

Value

A numeric vector with values 0 (silence) and 1 (activity).

Note

The default values of m and minL where choosen for a sampling rate of 500Hz.

Author(s)

J.A. Guerrero [e-mail]

References

Bonato P., D'Alessio T. and Knaflitz M. (1998) A statistical method for the measurement of muscle activation intervals from surface myoelectric signal during gait. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45 (3), 287–299. ISSN 0018–9294.

See Also

onoff_singlethres

Examples

# Load a data.frame with EMG data
data(emg95306000)
# Coerce a data.frame into an 'emg' object
x <- as.emg(emg95306000, samplingrate = 1000, units = "mV")

# change graphical parameters to show multiple plots
op <- par(mfrow = c(2, 1))

# Estimate 'sigma_n' from the last 200 samples (only baseline noise)
sigma_n <- sd(tail(x$values, 200))

# Detect the phases of activation in x
b <- onoff_bonato(x, sigma_n = sigma_n, m = 10, minL = 30)

# Plot 'x' and the detected phases
plot(x, main = "Sample EMG")
plot(b, type = "l", main = "Detected phases (Bonato's method)")

# reset graphical parameters
par(op)