nNPVPPV {bdpv}

Asymptotic experimental design for inference on negative and positive predictive values in case-control studies.

Description

For internal use. Functions to compute sample size (to reach a pre-specified power) and optimal allocation of true positives and true negatives in case-control designs for binary diagnostic tests (Mercaldo et al. 2007).

Usage

nNPV(propP, se, sp, prev, NPV0,
 conf.level = 0.95, power = 0.8)

nPPV(propP, se, sp, prev, PPV0,
 conf.level = 0.95, power = 0.8)

AOppvnpv(se, sp)

Arguments

se

a numeric value, specifying the expected sensitivity

sp

a numeric value, specifying the expected specificity

propP

a vector of numeric values of proportions of truely positives in the trial (n1/(n1+n0))

prev

a numeric value, the prevalence

NPV0

a numeric value, the negative predictive value to be rejected under H0: NPV>=NPV0

PPV0

a numeric value, the positive predictive value to be rejected under H0: PPV>=PPV0

conf.level

a single numeric values, the nominal confidence level (1-alpha)

power

a single numeric value, the power that is to be obtained

Details

The functions implement the methods described in section 3.2 of Steinberg et al.(2009), nPPV gives the solution to Eq.(3.6) and NA if necesarry conditions mentioned before are not fulfilled, nNPV gives the solution to Eq.(3.8) and NA if necesarry conditions mentioned before are not fulfilled, AOppvnpv gives the optimal proportion of true poistives as are solutions to Eq.(3.4) and Eq. (3.6) for PPV and NPV, respectively.

Value

For nNPV and nPPV: a list with first element

n

the (vector of) sample size (s), or NA if necessary conditions are not met

and further elements giving the input arguments

Author(s)

Frank Schaarschmidt

References

Steinberg DM, Fine J, Chappell R (2009). Sample size for positive and negative predictive value in diagnostic research using case-control designs. Biostatistics 10,1, 94-105.

See Also

For a combination of PPV and NPV experimental design see nPV and plotnPV; to validate small sample results of these asymptotic formulas, see simPVmat

Examples

 nPPV(propP=c(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8), se=0.9, sp=0.9,
 prev=0.1, PPV0=0.4, conf.level=0.95, power=0.8)

 nNPV(propP=c(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8), se=0.9, sp=0.9,
 prev=0.1, NPV0=0.95, conf.level=0.95, power=0.8)

 AOppvnpv(se=0.9, sp=0.9)