t {base}

Matrix Transpose

Description

Given a matrix or data.frame x, t returns the transpose of x.

Usage

t(x)

Arguments

x

a matrix or data frame, typically.

Details

This is a generic function for which methods can be written. The description here applies to the default and "data.frame" methods.

A data frame is first coerced to a matrix: see as.matrix. When x is a vector, it is treated as a column, i.e., the result is a 1-row matrix.

Value

A matrix, with dim and dimnames constructed appropriately from those of x, and other attributes except names copied across.

Note

The conjugate transpose of a complex matrix A, denoted A^H or A^*, is computed as Conj(t(A)).

References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

See Also

aperm for permuting the dimensions of arrays.

Examples

a <- matrix(1:30, 5, 6)
ta <- t(a) ##-- i.e.,  a[i, j] == ta[j, i] for all i,j :
for(j in seq(ncol(a)))
  if(! all(a[, j] == ta[j, ])) stop("wrong transpose")