Michelsberg {archdata} | R Documentation |
Younger Neolithic Pottery from Central Europe
Description
A sites by types table of abundance data on vessel types in archaeological features of the Younger Neolithic Michelsberg Culture from Belgium, France and Germany by Birgit Höhn (2002).
Usage
data(Michelsberg)
Format
A data frame with 109 observations on the following 42 variables. Each line represents one feature. Some categorical variables are not converted to factors.
id
Unique identifier (categorical, integer)
site_name
Name of site (categorical, character)
catalogue_nr
Number in catalogue of Höhn (2002) (categorical, integer)
feature_nr
Number of the archaeological feature (categorical, numeric)
to3
Pot/vessel type 3 count
f4
Bottle type 4 count
b2
Beaker type 2 count
to2
Pot/vessel type 2 count
b3
Beaker type 3 count
b7
Beaker type 7 count
kw5
Carinated bowl type 5 count
vg1
Storage vessel type 1 count
vg2
Storage vessel type 2 count
t4a
Tulip beaker type 4a count
kw2
Carinated bowl type 2 count
kw4
Carinated bowl type 4 count
b5
Beaker type 5 count
t3b
Tulip beaker type 3b count
f3
Bottle type 3 count
kw3
Carinated bowl type 3 count
kw1
Carinated bowl type 1 count
b6
Beaker type 6 count
to1
Pot/vessel type 1 count
b1
Beaker type 1 count
t3a
Tulip beaker type 3a count
vg4
Storage vessel type 4 count
ks2
Conical bowl type 2 count
ks1
Conical bowl type 1 count
t2b
Tulip beaker type 2b count
f2
Bottle type 2 count
bs3
Globular bowl type 3 count
t2a
Tulip beaker type 2a count
bs2
Globular bowl type 2 count
b4
Beaker type 4 count
bs1
Globular bowl type 1 count
f1
Bottle type 1 count
t1b
Tulip beaker type 1b count
vg3
Storage vessel type 3 count
t1a
Tulip beaker type 1a count
mbk_phase
MBK phase according to Lüning (1967) as an ordered factor with levels
I
<I/II
<II
<II/III
<III
<III-V
<III/IV
<IV
<IV/V
<Munz
<V
x_utm32n
x coordinate in m; projection UTM WGS 84, zone 32 nord
y_utm32n
y coordinate in m; projection UTM WGS 84, zone 32 nord
Details
Höhn (2002) recorded pottery vessel shapes from 108 archaeological features (pits, ditches etc.) from 69 sites of the Central European Younger Neolithic Michelsberg Culture (MBK; 4350-3500 BC) following Lüning's (1967) typology. Her correspondence analysis of the abundance data (columns 5 to 39) exhibits a pronounced Guttman effect or arch, suggesting the data set is structured by a time gradient. Recently Mischka et al. (2015) projected an 109th Michelsberg assemblage, Flintbek LA48, a pit with Michelsberg pottery from a North German site of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB), as a supplementary row into the existing chronology thereby connecting the relative chronologies of TRB and MBK. The data frame contains as attributes the references for the data, a typological key and the map projection. Note that ambiguous fragments of conical bowls (ks1 and ks2) are assigned as 0.5 to each of the two types resulting also in positive entries suitable to analysis by CA.
Source
Höhn, B. 2002. Die Michelsberger Kultur in der Wetterau. Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie 87. Bonn: Habelt.
Mischka, D., Roth, G. and K. Struckmeyer 2015. Michelsberg and Oxie in contact next to the Baltic Sea. In: Neolithic Diversities. Perspectives from a conference in Lund, Sweden. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Ser. 8, No. 65, edited by Kr. Brink et al., pp 241–250.
Lüning, J. 1967. Die Michelsberger Kultur: Ihre Funde in zeitlicher und räumlicher Gliederung. Berichte der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission 48, 1-350.
Examples
if (requireNamespace("ca", quietly = TRUE)) {
data(Michelsberg)
str(Michelsberg)
names(Michelsberg)[5:39]
attributes(Michelsberg)$typological_key
# geographical distribution
xy <- as.matrix(Michelsberg[,41:42])/1000
plot(xy, asp=1, pch=16, col=rgb(.3,.3,.3,.5))
text(xy[,1], xy[,2], Michelsberg$id, cex=.7, pos=2)
# Note site 109 to the Northeast;
# preparing the data set for CA
abu <- Michelsberg[, 5:39]
rownames(abu) <- Michelsberg$id
# CA with site 109, Flintbek LA48, as supplementary row
MBK.ca <- ca::ca(abu, ndim=min(dim(abu)-1), suprow=109 )
# asymmetric biplot with row quality and column contribution
plot(MBK.ca, map="rowprincipal", contrib=c("relative", "absolute"))
title(main="Row-isometric Biplot of Michelsberg CA", cex.sub=.7,
sub="color intensity represents quality for sites and contributions for types")
} else {
cat("This example requires package ca to run.\n")
}